Table 2.

Histological findings in mouse models.

Model	TSOD Model				CDAHFD Model
Age	52-weeks		60-weeks		38-weeks		48-weeks
Mice/treatment	TSNO	TSOD	TSNO	TSOD	control	CDAHFD	control	CDAHFD
No. of animals a	5	18	5	16	10	10	8	10
Liver tumors (HCC + HCA)
Incidence (%)	1 (20)	11 (61)	0 (0)	13 (81) *	0 (0)	4 (40) *	0 (0)	8 (80) *
Multiplicity (No./mouse)	0.2 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 1.0	0.0 ± 0.0	1.8 ± 1.3 *	0.0 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 1.9	0.0 ± 0.0	2.3 ± 0.9 *
NASH liver tissues b
Steatosis	-	+	-	+	-	+++	-	+++
Lobular inflammation	-	+	-	+	-	+++	-	+++
Hepatocyte ballooning	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+
Fibrosis	-	+	-	+	-	++	-	++

HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCA, hepatocellular adenoma. * p < 0.05, as compared to the control. ^a Final number of survived animals subjected to the analysis; ^b NASH liver tissue was graded using NASH activity score and NASH fibrosis stage as described below and most frequent scores were shown. Steatosis: amount of area involved by steatosis; -, <5%, +, 5–33%; ++, <33–66%; +++, >66%. Lobular inflammation: number of inflammatory cell foci per a field of view at ×200 magnification; -, no foci; +, <2 foci; ++, 2–4 foci; +++, >4 foci. Hepatocellular ballooning: the existence of ballooned hepatocytes; -, no ballooned hepatocytes; +, rare but definite ballooned hepatocytes or diagnostically borderline cases; ++, cases with prominent ballooning hepatocytes. Fibrosis: the degree of fibrosis; -, none; +, Zone 3 perisinusoidal fibrosis; ++, Zone 3 perisinusoidal and portal/periportal fibrosis; +++, bridging fibrosis; ++++, cirrhosis; NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.