Data Source	Strengths	Weaknesses
Claims Data	Ubiquitous Large Standardized	Insurance covered care only Designed for billing purposes No “results” Nonspecific Not timely
Academic case data	Well characterized samples Rigorous methodology Lab measures Assessments (Results)	EHR siloed Physician time constraints Practice constraints limit treatments Convenience sample
Community clinical data	Real-world clinical care N-of-1 practices Lab measures	EHR siloed or paper/nonexistent Physician time constraints Convenience sample
Patient registries	Real-world clinical care Standardized Timely Labor burden on patient Cross-silo	Emerging innovation Patient generated Self-selected sample Accuracy/Recall