Table 1.
Mean relative abundance and prevalence in indoor-reared Bombus terrestris queens (n = 15 per treatment) of the main operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in this study a.
| OUT b | Taxonomic Affiliation | Before Hibernation | After Hibernation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phylum | Family | Species c | Name OTU in Literature d | Relative Abundance (%) | Present in B. terrestris
(n = 15) |
Relative Abundance (%) |
Present in B. terrestris
(n = 15) |
|
| OTU_1 | Proteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | Snodgrassella alvi (98.8%) | Beta | 54.525 | 15 | 8.668 | 15 |
| OTU_2 | Proteobacteria | Orbaceae | Gilliamella apicola, G. bombi, G. bombicola; G. mensalis (100%) | Gamma-1 | 33.805 | 15 | 8.753 | 15 |
| OTU_5 * | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriaceae | Chryseobacterium daecheongense (100%) | 0.001 | 2 | 7.593 | 15 | |
| OTU_10 * | Actinobacteria | Nocardiaceae | Gordonia polyisoprenivorans, G. soli (100%) | 0 | 0 | 7.131 | 12 | |
| OTU_7 * | Firmicutes | Bacillaceae | Several Bacillaceae spp. (100%) | 0.001 | 2 | 6.999 | 15 | |
| OTU_14 | Firmicutes | Paenibacillaceae | Paenibacillus amylolyticus, P. pabuli, P. taichungensis, P. tundra, P. tylopili, P. xylanexedens and P. xylanilyticus (100%) | 5.3 | 15 | 0.116 | 13 | |
| OTU_9 * | Proteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | Several Enterobacteriaceae spp., including Buttiauxella agrestis (100%) | Gamma-E1 | 0.004 | 7 | 5.124 | 15 |
| OTU_13 * | Proteobacteria | Acetobacteraceae | Asia bogorensis, A. siamensis, A. prunella, A. lannensis (100%) | 0 | 0 | 5.112 | 15 | |
| OTU_11 * | Proteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | Acinetobacter vivianii, A. proteolyticus, A. modestus, A. courvalinii (100%) | 0.186 | 7 | 4.996 | 14 | |
| OTU_18 * | Firmicutes | Staphylococcaceae | Several Staphylococcaceae spp. (100%) | 0.111 | 9 | 2.954 | 15 | |
| OTU_15 | Proteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum (100%) | 0.618 | 12 | 2.417 | 15 | |
| OTU_21 * | Proteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | Proteus mirabilis, P. penneri, Cosenzaea myxofaciens (100%) | 0 | 0 | 2.340 | 15 | |
| OTU_22 * | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | Thermomonas haemolytica (99%) | 0 | 0 | 2.287 | 14 | |
| OTU_29 | Proteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | Moraxella osloensis (100%) | 0.007 | 4 | 2.064 | 11 | |
| OTU_25 | Proteobacteria | Rhizobiaceae | Agrobacterium tumefaciens, A. fabrum (100%) | 0.049 | 7 | 1.958 | 15 | |
| OTU_6 | Firmicutes | Lactobacillaceae | Lactobacillus bombi (100%) | Firm-4/Lacto-2 | 1.612 | 9 | 0.507 | 10 |
| OTU_28 | Actinobacteria | Streptomycetaceae | Several Streptomycetaceae spp. (100%) | 0 | 0 | 1.567 | 14 | |
| OTU_26 | Firmicutes | Bacillaceae | Several Bacillaceae spp. (100%) | 0 | 0 | 1.518 | 13 | |
| OTU_23 | Firmicutes | Lactobacillaceae | Lactobacillus bombicola (100%) | Firm-5/Lacto-1 | 1.092 | 11 | 0.213 | 7 |
a Only OTUs with a mean sequence relative abundance (n = 15) ≥1% are represented in the Table; b Indicator OTUs significantly associated with hibernating queens are indicated with an asterisk (determined by indicator species analysis; indicator value >0.25 and p < 0.05). No OTUs were significantly associated with the treatment before hibernation; c Nearest neighbor based on a BLAST (Basic local alignment search tool) search in GenBank against type strains. Percentage of sequence identity (on a total of 250 bp) is reported between brackets; d As used by Meeus et al. (2015).