Table 3.
Reprogramming strategies aimed at nutritional interventions to prevent hypertension of developmental programming in animal models.
| Nutritional Interventions | Animal Models | Intervention Period | Species/Gender | Age at Measure (Week) | Lower BP? | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macronutrients | ||||||
| Glycine | Maternal 9% protein restriction | Pregnancy | Wistar/M | 4 | Yes | [109] |
| Citrulline | Maternal 50% caloric restriction | Pregnancy and lactation | SD/M | 12 | Yes | [22] |
| Citrulline | Maternal nitric oxide deficiency | Pregnancy and lactation | SD/M | 12 | Yes | [75] |
| Citrulline | Streptozotocin-induced diabetes | Pregnancy and lactation | SD/M | 12 | Yes | [102] |
| Citrulline | Prenatal dexamethasone exposure | Pregnancy and lactation | SD/M | 12 | Yes | [103] |
| Branched-chain amino acid | Maternal 70% caloric restriction | Pregnancy | SD/M | 16 | Yes | [104] |
| Taurine | Streptozotocin-induced diabetes | Pregnancy and lactation | Wistar/M+F | 16 | Yes | [105] |
| Conjugated linoleic acid | Maternal high-fat diet | Pregnancy and lactation | SD/M | 18 | Yes | [106] |
| Micronutrients | ||||||
| Micronutrients: vitamin C, E, selenium and folic acid | Maternal 50% caloric restriction | Pregnancy | Wistar/M+F | 14–16 | Yes | [21] |
| Folic acid | Protein restriction, 9% | Pregnancy | Wistar/M | 15 | Yes | [107] |
| Non-essential nutrients | ||||||
| Long chain inulin | Maternal high-fructose diet | Pregnancy and Lactation | SD/M | 12 | Yes | [90] |
Studies tabulated according to types of nutritional intervention and age at measure. SD = Sprague–Dawley rat. M = male. F = female.