Table 3.
Food Preferences Assessed as Intakes of Discretionary Foods and Mixed Dishes in PE and NPE a.
| Reference | Measure, Age at Intake Analysis |
Desserts | Sugar-sweetened Beverages | Savoury Snacks | Mixed Dishes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE | NPE | PE | NPE | PE | NPE | PE | NPE | |||
| Li et al. [12] | Intake as g/d, reported as mean ± SD 6 to 35 mo |
409 ± 362 | 439 ± 351 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| van der Horst et al. [15] |
Intake (g/d), reported as mean ± SEM 1 to 4 y |
161 ± 10 b | 140 ± 8 b | -- | -- | 140.5 ± 7.8 | 161.4 ± 10.1 | 95 ± 6 | 110 ± 6 | |
| Cardona Cano et al. [25] | % of children not eating ≥10 g of food from the specific food group 14 mo |
Confections | -- | 87.1 | 87.0 | 24.1 | 21.9 | |||
| 6.2* | 4.1 | |||||||||
| Tharner et al. [30] | Intake, z-score 14 mo |
Confections | −0.05 | −0.01 | 0.16 * | 0.06 | RTE | |||
| 0.15 * | −0.04 | |||||||||
| 0.22 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| Haszard et al. [29] | Dietary intake scores mean ± SD 4 to 8 y (mean 6.4 y) |
-- | Rec. score ≤ 1 | Rec. score ≤ 2 | -- | |||||
| 0.9 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | |||||||
| Carruth et al. [20] c | % of children eating food from category 4 to 6 mo |
14 b | 12 b | -- | 41 | 41 | 14 | 13 | ||
| 7 to 8 mo | 48 b | 45 b | -- | 64 | 59 | 52 | 46 | |||
| 9 to 11 mo | 58 b | 61 b | -- | 69 | 75 | 58 | 66 | |||
| 12 to 14 mo | 77 b | 76 b | -- | 86 | 87 | 68 | 72 | |||
| 15 to 24 mo | 86 b | 89 b | -- | 93 | 93 | 67 | 71 | |||
| Galloway et al. [39] | # of servings per d, reported as mean ± SD 9 y |
4.9 ± 2.1 * | 5.8 ± 2.8 | -- | -- | -- | ||||
Abbreviations: d = day; mo = months; NPE = non-picky eaters; PE = picky eaters; Rec. = recommended; RTE = ready to eat; SD = standard deviation; SEM = standard error of the mean; y = years. a Values appearing in bold-type font and with an asterisk (*) are significantly different between PE and NPE. b Includes sweets, sweetened beverages and dessert. c Significance between PE and NPE within each age group was not reported.