Table 3.
Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios (HRs) (95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)) for osteoporosis risk as stratified by menopausal status among women in the KOGES cohort, 2001~2016.
| Menopausal Status | Quintiles of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) a | P Trend b | P Int c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |||
| Pre/peri-menopause | 1.0 d | 0.98 (0.67–1.43) | 1.13 (0.73–1.77) | 1.13 (0.73 -1.77) | 1.39 (0.87–2.21) | 0.1655 | 0.4033 |
| Postmenopause | 1.0 d | 1.24 (1.05–1.46) | 1.36 (1.14–1.62) | 1.41 (1.17–1.70) | 1.33 (1.09–1.63) | 0.0723 | |
| Menopausal status with imputation | |||||||
| Pre/peri-menopause | 1.0 d | 0.97 (0.67–1.42) | 0.98 (0.65–1.47) | 1.14 (0.74–1.77) | 1.37 (0.87–2.18) | 0.1421 | 0.3522 |
| Post-menopause | 1.0 d | 1.23 (1.04–1.44) | 1.35 (1.13–1.60) | 1.40 (1.16–1.68) | 1.33 (1.09–1.61) | 0.0820 | |
a Quintile of the DII Score at baseline: Q1 indicates participants having the lowest dietary inflammatory index values, the least pro-inflammatory level; Q5 the highest, the most pro-inflammatory level. b Continuous DII score was used to determine p for trend c p value for interaction was calculated by contrasting the coefficients of the cross-product of menopausal status (pre/peri- and post-) and continuous DII score in the multivariable-adjusted time-dependent COX model. d Data are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with correspondent 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multivariate adjusted for age (categorical); BMI (categorical); smoke (categorical); calcium intake (continuous); alcohol consumption (categorical); physical activity (categorical); energy intake (continuous).