Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample by gender 1.
| Characteristic | All | Boys (n = 52) | Girls (n = 73) | p 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–10) | 0.564 |
| z-BMI (SD) | 1.43 ± 1.19 | 1.52 ± 1.24 | 1.35 ± 1.15 | 0.407 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 73.42 ± 12.79 | 72.95 ± 13.62 | 73.76 ± 12.25 | 0.726 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.52 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.07 | 0.803 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 96.83 ± 8.99 | 97.51 ± 8.88 | 96.35 ±9.10 | 0.481 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 64.13 ± 6.68 | 64.19 ± 7.80 | 64.09 ± 5.8 | 0.934 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.05 (4.89–5.22) | 5.05 (4.90–5.22) | 5.05 (4.83–5.22) | 0.534 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.21 ± 0.68 | 4.24 ± 0.67 | 4.20 ± 0.69 | 0.745 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.66 ± 0.64 | 2.65 ± 0.62 | 2.66 ± 0.65 | 0.927 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.27 (1.12–1.54) | 1.30 (1.13–1.59) | 1.24 (1.10–1.49) | 0.200 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.01 (0.74–1.40) | 1.01 (0.69–1.35) | 1.01 (0.79–1.49) | 0.321 |
| AI | 1.98 (1.61–2.44) | 1.95 (1.59–2.39) | 2.01 (1.61–2.59) | 0.595 |
| AIP | 0.25 ± 0.26 | 0.21 ± 0.26 | 0.28 ± 0.26 | 0.163 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1935 ± 610.2 | 2081 ± 692.6 | 1831 ± 524.4 | 0.030 |
| Protein (g/day) | 76.95 ± 26.07 | 78.44 ± 28.5 | 75.88 ± 24.31 | 0.590 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 62.9 (48.1–82.5) | 63.13 (49.81–105.93) | 62.9 (47.5–81.0) | 0.256 |
| Saturated fat (g/day) | 23.8 (15.3–30.18) | 25.58 (15.9–31.8) | 22.5 (14.7–29.8) | 0.348 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 236.9 (186–319) | 260.14 (191–346) | 231.61 (181–294) | 0.564 |
SD: standard deviation; z-BMI: z-score body mass index; BP: blood pressure; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; AI: atherogenic index; AIP: atherogenic index of plasma. 1 Values are mean ± standard deviation or median (25th–75th percentiles). 2 For comparison between boys vs. girls by using Student’s t-test for independent samples or Mann–Whitney U test.