Table 1.

Summary of metabolism-related enzymes observed to form condensates in bacteria (B), yeast (Y), drosophila (D) and mammals (M). Note that many of these enzymes function as oligomers, an attribute that likely contributes to their ability to form higher-order structures. ADSL: Adenylosuccinate lyase; ATIC: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase and inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase; CAD: carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydroorotase; FGAMS: Formylglycinamidine-ribonucleotide synthetase; GART: glycinamide ribotide and aminoimidazole ribotide synthetases; PAICS: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase; PPAT: Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase. Stresses that trigger condensate formation in yeast: Stationary phase (SP), glucose starvation (GS), purine starvation (PS), acidic pH (apH), heat shock (HS) and hypoxia (HY).

Metabolic Functions		Enzyme Name	Protomer	Condensates				Yeast		References
				B	Y	D	M	Gene Name	Stress Triggering Condensation
Carbohydrate metabolism		Glycogen debranching enzyme			☑			Gdb1	SP	[19]
		ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase	Tetramer		☑		☑	Pfk1/2	SP	[19,20,21]
		Pyruvate kinase	Tetramer		☑		☑	Cdc19	SP, GS, HS	[11,17]
		Enolase	Dimer		☑			Eno2	HY	[22]
		Fructose bisphosphate aldolase			☑			Fba1	HY	[22]
		Alcool deshydrogenase	Tetramer		☑			Adh2	SP	[17]
		UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Dimer to octamer		☑			Ugp1	SP	[17]
Nucleotide metabolism	Pyrimidine synthesis	CTP synthase	Dimer and tetramer	☑	☑	☑	☑	Ura7/8	SP, GS	[18,23,24,25,26]
		Trifunctional CAD enzyme	-		☑			Ura2	SP	[17]
		Adenylosuccinate synthetase	Dimer		☑			Ade12	SP	[17]
	De novo purine synthesis	PPAT enzyme	Tetramer		☑		☑	Ade4	SP	[17,27]
		Trifunctional GART enzyme	Dimer		☑	☑	☑	Ade5/7	SP, PS	[17,25,27,28]
		Bifunctional PAICS enzyme	Octamer		☑	☑	☑	Ade2	-	[25,27]
		FGAMS enzyme	Monomer		☑		☑	Ade6	-	[17,27,28]
		ADSL enzyme	Tetramer				☑	Ade13	-	[27,28]
		Bifunctional ATIC enzyme	Dimer		☑		☑	Ade17	SP, PS	[17,27,28]
Fatty acids and Sterol metabolism		Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	Dimer and tetramer		☑		☑	Acc1/2	SP, GS	[19,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]
		Fatty acid synthase complex	-		☑			Fas1/2	SP, GS	[17,31]
		Sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase	-		☑			Ugt51	SP	[17]
Amino acids metabolism		Asparagine synthetase	Dimer		☑			Asn1/2	SP	[19]
		Glutamate synthetase	Hexamer		☑			Glt1	SP	[18,19,36,37,38]
		Glutamate dehydrogenase	Hexamer		☑		☑	Gdh2	SP	[19,39]
		Glutamine synthetase	Decamer	☑	☑			Gln1	GS + apH	[17,19,38,40]
		Glutaminase	Tetramer			☑		-	-	[41]
		Cystathionine beta-synthase	Tetramer		☑			Cys4	SP	[17]
Metabolism regulator		Target of Rapamycin Complex 1	Dimer of heterotetramer		☑			TORC1	SP, GS	[16]