Figure 2.

Illustration of secondary structure of tRNA. This cloverleaf shaped structure is due to four base-paired stems, three of them terminating with non-base-paired loops: D loop, anticodon loop, and TψC loop. Nucleotide modifications found in tRNA^Tyr, one of the most modified tRNA, are annotated in red. Short names of individual modification are given according to the RNA modification databases (e.g., Modomics). Ψ, pseudouridine; D, dihydrouridine; m¹A, N¹-methyladenosine; m¹G, N¹-methylguanosine; m¹ψ, N¹-methylpseudouridine; m²G, N²-methylguanosine, m²₂G, N²,N²-dimethylguanosine; m⁷G, N⁷-methylguanosine; m⁵C, N⁵-methylcytidine; m⁵U, N⁵-methyluridine; Gal-Q, galactosyl-queuosine; acp³U, 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine.