Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to intervention group.
| Variable | Walnut Group (n = 80) | Control Group (n = 69) |
|---|---|---|
| Female sex, n (%) | 57 (71.3) | 48 (69.6) |
| Age, years | 68.6 (3.2) | 68.7 (3.2) |
| Family history of premature CVD, n (%) | 4 (5) | 2 (2.9) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.4 (3.6) | 27.2 (4.2) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 96.5 (10.7) | 99.5 (12) |
| Physical activity, METs-min per week | 2728 (1789 to 4187) | 2306 (1512 to 3531) |
| Ever smoking, n (%) | 26 (32.5) | 21 (30.4) |
| Smoking, pack-years | 0 (0 to 13) | 0 (0 to 8) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 40 (50) | 42 (60.9) |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 10 (12.5) | 7 (10.1) |
| Treated with metformin, n (%) | 7 (8.8) | 3 (4.3) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 93 (85.2 to 102) | 91 (85.5 to 98.5) |
| Haemoglobin A1c, % | 5.7 (5.5 to 6.1) | 5.8 (5.6 to 5.9) |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 46 (57.5) | 33 (47.8) |
| Treated with statins, n (%) | 33 (41.3) | 19 (27.5) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 207 (39) | 211 (32) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 59 (16) | 61 (14) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 128 (34) | 131 (26) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 90 (69 to 123) | 88 (70 to 114) |
Values are means (SD) except for quantitative variables (expressed as n and %) and physical activity, smoking in pack-years, fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c and triglycerides, expressed as medians (interquartile ranges). CVD, cardiovascular disease; METs-min, minutes at a given metabolic equivalent level (units of energy expenditure in physical activity; 1 MET-min is roughly equivalent to 1 kcal); HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.