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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography images for ultrafiltration membrane surfaces precipitated at different coagulation bath temperatures (CBTs) ((A) 19 °C, average RMS roughness 4 nm; (B) 35 °C, 7 nm; (C) 50 °C, 10 nm; (D) 60 °C, 30 nm). Scan size 1 µm × 1 µm, Z-range 30 nm.
