Figure 3.

The effect of vitamin D/vitamin E in high glucose-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) proliferation. Cells were cultured with normal glucose (five mM) and high glucose (25 mM) for 72 h. Vitamin D (80 ng/mL) and Vitamin E (9 µg/mL) were added immediately along with the high-glucose incubation. Cells were stained with trypan blue dye, and the viable cells were counted after 72 h. Each value represents the mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. * p < 0.05 vs. cells cultured in normal glucose (five mM) media. ● p < 0.05 vs. high glucose stimulated cells. ANOVA one way followed by Tukey’s comparison test was performed.