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. 2018 Dec 15;10(12):1989. doi: 10.3390/nu10121989

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Aging-induced free radical generation was attenuated by IXD extracts. (A) Immunohistochemistry data revealing 4-HNE expression in the submandibular glands of the indicated groups. Magnification: 200×, Scale bar: 100 µm. (B) Dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent staining indicating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the submandibular glands of the indicated rat groups. Pictures were taken using a tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) channel in confocal microscopy. Magnification: 600×, Scale bar: 25 µm.