Table 2.
Comparison of ultra-sensitive cTnI sensors and assays.
| Detection Method | Immobilisation Approach | Response Time (min) | LOD (ng/L) | Labels |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemiresistance [121] | Ab/EDC/NHS/SU-8/MWCNT | 1 | 0.02 | None |
| Cyclic Voltammetry [111] | Ab/PAMAM/GQD/ATP/Au/SPE | 10 | 0.025 | None |
| Optical Microfiber Coupler [71] | Ab/EDC/NHS/PAA/PDDA/OMC | 10 | 0.002 | None |
| EIS & Mott-Schottky [125] | Ab/AUPA/ZnO/Au & Ab/DSP/ZnO/Au | 15 | 0.1 | None |
| Fluorescence [123] | Ab/Paramagnetic Beads | 45 | 0.01 | Biotinylated detection Ab/SβG |
| ECL [87] | Ru/EDC/NHS/PAMAM/AuNPs/Nafion/GCE | 115 | 0.012 | Detection Ab/PtCu3 NC/FA/GOD |
| ECL [122] | Ab/Au@TiO2/GCE | 120 | 0.00046 | Detection Ab/EDC/NHS/CdTe@IRMOF-3@CdTe |
| DPV—Anodic Stripping Voltammetry [126] | Ab/ABA/MWCNTs/GCE | 240 | 0.0011 | CdS/Detection Ab/ALP/AuNF |
| ECL [127] | Ab/TEOA@AuNP/GCE | - | 0.0055 | RuSiO2 |
| Total Internal Reflection [128] | Ab/Protein A/G/DSP/Au/Cr | - | 0.0000144 | Detection Ab/AgNP |
DPV—Differential pulse voltammetry; ATP—4 aminothiophenol; SPE—Screen-printed Electrode; PAA—poly-(acrylic acid); PDDA—Poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride); OMC—Optical Microfiber Couple; AUPA—aminoundecyl phosphonic acid; ZnO—Zinc Oxide; DSP—dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate); GCE—Glassy Carbon Electrode; Au@TiO2—Gold nanoparticle modified titanium oxide; ABA—3-aminophenylboronic acid; TEOA@AuNP—triethanolamine-modified gold nanoparticles; Au/Cr—Gold-chromium; SβG—streptavidin-β-galactosidase; PtCu3 NC—PtCu3 alloy nanocrystals; FA—Folic Acid; GOD—Glucose oxidase; CdTe@IRMOF-3@CdTe—Isorectangular metal organic framework accelerator enriched cadmium telluride quantum dots; CdS—Cadmium sulphide quantum dots; —Alkaline phosphatase.