Table 2.
Circulating levels of TMAO in the study population according to gender, lifestyle habits, cardio-metabolic indices, and MetS.
| Parameters | Circulating Levels of TMAO (µM) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Males (n 59) | 9.11 ± 3.09 | 0.015 | |
| Females (n 78) | 7.70 ± 3.28 | |||
| Smoking | Yes (n 68) | 9.38 ± 2.63 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 69) | 7.24 ± 3.49 | |||
| Physical activity | Yes (n 58) | 6.41 ± 3.52 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 79) | 9.69 ± 2.21 | |||
| HoMA-IR | > cut-off (n 64) | 10.53 ± 1.62 | <0.001 | |
| < cut-off (n 73) | 6.36 ± 3.01 | |||
| VAI | > cut-off (n 60) | 10.08 ± 2.13 | <0.001 | |
| < cut-off (n 77) | 6.92 ± 3.33 | |||
| FLI | > cut-off (n 82) | 10.24 ± 1.56 | <0.001 | |
| < cut-off (n 55) | 5.42 ± 3.00 | |||
| MetS (parameters) | ||||
| WC | Yes (n 87) | 9.88 ± 2.06 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 50) | 5.56 ± 3.18 | |||
| SBP/DBP | Yes (n 37) | 10.49 ± 1.72 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 100) | 7.50 ± 3.33 | |||
| Fasting Glucose | Yes (n 43) | 11.29 ± 1.22 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 94) | 6.94 ± 2.98 | |||
| HDL cholesterol | Yes (n 59) | 10.13 ± 2.09 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 78) | 6.93 ± 3.33 | |||
| Triglycerides | Yes (n 45) | 10.28 ± 2.20 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 92) | 7.34 ± 3.27 | |||
| MetS (presence/absence) | Yes (n 53) | 10.65 ± 1.62 | <0.001 | |
| No (n 84) | 6.82 ± 3.17 | |||
A p-value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05).