Figure 1.

(a) Dimples of viscous detachment on the surface of a specimen from titanium alloy VT23; (b) the result of their detection using the algorithm [22]; (c) a diagram illustrating the principle of training the neural network: (1) training image, (2) image with correct answer labels, (3) zoomed fragment of training image with the size $2{\mathrm{w}}_{\mathrm{k}}+1\times 2{\mathrm{w}}_{\mathrm{k}}+1$, which is an element of the training set, (4) fragment of the image with labels, which by its position and size corresponds to (3), (5) the central pixel of (3), and (6) the pixel containing the correct answer label for (3).