Table 2:

Ongoing clinical trials of immunotherapies for mesothelioma

	Intervention	Study design	Estimated enrolment (n)	Stage and disease	Main eligibility requirements	Endpoints
Adjuvant WT1 analogue peptide vaccine	WT1 analogue peptide vaccine, montanide, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or montanide adjuvant, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Phase 2 randomised, double-blind	78	Mesothelioma	Immunohistochemistry positive for WT1 (>10% of cells). Completed combined modality therapy*	Primary: 1 year PFS. Secondary: immunogenicity
Dendritic cell vaccine, cyclophosphamide	Tumour lysate autologous dendritic cells, cyclophosphamide	Phase 1	10	Mesothelioma	Stable disease or objective response after chemotherapy. Availability of sufficient tumour material	Primary: immunogenicity. Secondary: safety
Tumour cell vaccine, adjuvant, and celecoxib	Epigenetically modifi ed autologous tumour cell vaccine, ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant, postoperative celecoxib	Phase 1	120 (30 assessable)	Mesothelioma and other malignancies†	Completed surgical resection plus adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation, or both	Primary: safety. Secondary: immunogenicity
Tumour cell vaccine, cyclophosphamide,and celecoxib	Allogeneic tumour cell vaccine, metronomic low-dose cyclophosphamide, celecoxib	Phase 1 and 2	25	Thoracic malignancies	No evidence of disease or minimal residual disease after standard multimodality therapy	Primary: safety. Secondary: immunogenicity

PFS=progression-free survival.

^*Combined modality therapy: surgical resection plus chemotherapy or radiation, or both.

^†Lung and oesophageal carcinoma or sarcoma.