Table 5.
Plant species used for the treatment of mental and nervous system disorders in Ghana and scientific validation of their ethnopharmacological activities.
| Botanical name | Family | CNS uses |
|---|---|---|
| Ageratum conyzoides Linn., | Asteraceae | Analgesia [15, 42, 43] |
| Allium sativum Linn. | Liliaceae | Motor coordination[44]; Analgesia [45] |
| Alstonia boonei De Wild | Apocynaceae | Analgesia [24] |
|
| ||
| Azadirachta indica A. Juss | Meliaceae | Analgesia [25, 46]; Anxiolytic [47]; Alzheimer's disease [26] |
|
| ||
| Bertholletia excelsa H&B | Lecythidaceae | None |
|
| ||
| Bidens pilosa Linn. | Asteraceae | Analgesia [48] |
| Blighia unijugata Bak | Sapindaceae | None |
|
| ||
| Cassia occidentalis Linn. | Caesalpiniaceae | None |
| Cinchona pubescens Vahl. | Rubiaceae | None |
| Citrus aurantifolia Swingle | Rutaceae | None |
|
| ||
| Cocos nucifera Linn. | Palmae | Analgesia [49–51] |
|
| ||
| Corchorus olitorius Linn. | Tiliaceae | Anticonvulsant [52] |
|
| ||
| Cymbopogon citratus DC. | Graminae | Anxiolytic [53–56]; Sedative [53]; Anticonvulsant [53, 54, 57]; Analgesia [58] |
|
| ||
| Eucalyptus globulus Labill. | Myrtaceae | None |
| Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. | Meliaceae | None |
| Lantana camara Linn. | Verbenaceae | Anxiolytic [59, 60] |
| Mangifera indica Linn. F.T.A | Anacardiaceae | Analgesia [61, 62]; |
| Cognitive performance [63] | ||
| [64]; Neuroprotection, anticonvulsant [65] | ||
|
| ||
| Momordica charantia Linn. | Cucurbitaceae | Analgesia [66–68]; Antidepressant Anxiolytic [69] |
|
| ||
| Musa paradisiaca Walker et Sillans | Musaceae | None |
|
| ||
| Nephrolepis cordifolia Linn Presl | Nephrolepidaceae | None |
|
| ||
| Ocimum gratissimum Linn. | Lamiaceae | Analgesia, antidepressant [70–74]; and anxiolytic [75] |
|
| ||
| Passiflora edulis Sims | Passifloraceae | Anxiolytic [76–81] and sedative [78, 81, 82] |
|
| ||
| Persea Americana Mill F.W.T.A | Lauraceae | Analgesia and anticonvulsant [83, 84] |
|
| ||
| Phyllanthus niruri Schum.et Thnn. | Euphobiaceae | Analgesia [85, 86] |
| Rauwolfia vomitoria Afz. | Apocynaceae | Antipsychotic [16, 18, 29] |
| Rubus fruticosus Linn. | Rosaceae | None |
| Scoparia dulcis Linn. | Scrophulariaceae | Analgesia [87, 88] |
| Sida acuta Burn F. | Malvaceae | Analgesia and antidepressant [89, 90] |
|
| ||
| Tapinanthus globiferus A. Rich. | Loranthaceae | None |
| Terminalia catappa Linn. | Combretaceae | None |
| Tetrapleura tetraptera Schum Taub. | Fabaceae | Anticonvulsant [91, 92], Analgesia [92] |
| Vernonia amygdalina Del. Cent. Pl. Afr. | Asteraceae | Analgesia [22] |