Table 2.
Primers used in the study for the detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes.
| Primer | Target(s) | Sequence (5′-3′) | Annealing temperature (°C) | Amplicon size (bp) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| veb-sf | bla VEB | GATTGCTTTAGCCGTTTTGTC | 50 | 452 | [15] |
| veb-sr | ATCGGTTACTTCCTGTTGTTGTTTC | ||||
| z-sf | bla Z | ACAGTTCACATGCCAAAGAGT | 50 | 479 | [16] |
| z-sr | CTTACCGAAAGCAGCAGGTG | ||||
| mir-sf | bla MIR | GCCGCACCGATGTCCGAAAAA | 50 | 545 | [18] |
| mir-sr | GGTTTAAAGACCCGCGTCGTCATGG | ||||
| azecl-29-sf | bla AZECL-29 | GTCTTTACGCTAACACCAGCATCGG | 50 | 381 | [17] |
| azecl-29-sr | TCAGCATTTCCCAGCCCAATC | ||||
| veb-ff | bla VEB | CGGGATCCATGAAAATCGTAAAAAGGATATTAT | 50 | 918 | This study |
| veb-fr | CCCAAGCTTTATTTATTCAAATAGTAATTCCACG | ||||
| z-ff | bla Z | CGGGATCCATGAAAAAGTTAATATTTTTAATTG | 50 | 864 | This study |
| z-fr | CCCAAGCTTTAAAATTCCTTCATTACACTCTTG | ||||
| mir-ff | bla MIR | CGGGATCCATGATGACAAAATCCCTAAGCTGTG | 66 | 1164 | This study |
| mir-fr | CCCAAGCTTTACTGCAGCGCGTCGAGGATACGG | ||||
| azecl-29-ff | bla AZECL-29 | CGGAATTCATGATGAAAAAAAACCTAAGCTGTG | 60 | 1164 | This study |
| azecl-29-fr | CCCAAGCTTTACTGCAGCGCGTCGAGGATACG | ||||
| ctx-m-9a-ff | bla CTX-M-9a | CGGGATCCATGGTGACAAAGAGAGTGCAACGGA | 60 | 876 | This study |
| ctx-m-9a-fr | CCAAGCTTTTACAGCCCTTCGGCGATGATTCTC | ||||
| shv-12-ff | bla SHV-12 | CGGGATCCGTGGTTATGCGTTATATTCGCCTGT | 60 | 867 | This study |
| shv-12-fr | CCAAGCTTTTAGCGTTGCCAGTGCTCGATCAGC |
Underlined sequences denote restriction endonuclease sites. sf: forward screening primer; sr: reverse screening primer; ff: forward full-length primer; fr: reverse full-length primer.