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. 2019 Jan 3;16:1. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1391-2

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — BCP induces time-dependent activation of NFκB in vlPAG. a Expression levels of pNFκB in the vlPAG in Sham group. b–d Upregulation of pNFκB in vlPAG on postoperative days (POD) 6, 12, and 18. e Statistical analysis of pNFκB intensity confirmed the increase of pNFκB expression in vlPAG after BCP. f Western blot results showed an increase of pNFκB in the vlPAG after tumor inoculation on days 6–18. g Real-time PCR further confirmed a parallel and significant increase in vlPAG at 6, 12, and 18 days in BCP. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 vs. naive group or sham group. Four rats in each group. Scale bars: 100 μm in (d). Aq, aqueduct