SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells (2.5 ×104/well) were cultured in 60-mm plates and then synchronized in the G0-phase by serum deprivation. (A) The cells were treated with 15 µM 4HD or XAG or vehicle control for 6, 12, 18, 24 or 48 h. (B) The cells were treated with various concentrations of 4HD, XAG or vehicle control for 18 h. After fixing with ethanol, cells were stained with propidium iodide and the cell-cycle phase was determined by flow cytometry. (C) To determine the effect of 4HD or XAG on G1 phase-associated cyclin D1 protein expression, Western blotting was performed using cyclin D1 and β-actin antibodies.