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. 2018 Jul 19;78(1):100–110. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212863

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Identification of FCs and CPCs. (A) Cells are coloured according to the expression levels of the indicated markers on the t-SNE map. (B) Classification of cells categorised as proliferative cells (coloured according to their approximate phase) and quiescent cells (coloured in grey) based on the relative expression of genes associated with the G1/S stage and G2/M stage. (C) Violin plots showing the gene expression of representative candidate marker genes of CPCs. (D) Heatmap showing the scaled expression of differentially expressed genes defining the CPC and FC subsets. The top 20 markers for CPCs and FCs are shown in the right. (E) Boxplots showing the expression levels of PER1 and SIRT1 in seven OA chondrocyte populations. (F) Representative immunohistochemical staining of the indicated markers in OA cartilage tissues (stage 0). Scale bar: left, 500 µm; right, 50 µm. CPCs, cartilage progenitor cells; ECs, effector chondrocytes; RegCs, regulatory chondrocytes; ProCs, proliferative chondrocytes; preHTCs, prehypertrophic chondrocytes; FCs, fibrocartilage chondrocytes; HTCs, hypertrophic chondrocytes; HomCs, homeostatic chondrocytes; OA, osteoarthritis; t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding.