Table III. Overview of study results.

Methodology	Information	Advantages	Disadvantages	Sample suitability
HILIC-UHPLC-FLD	Structural	Best repeatability; well-established database; good separation of A2	A3/A4 signal overlap; no novel annotationa	Plasma cell glycoproteins or mixtures (immunoglobulins; A2 glycans)
xCGE-LIF	Structural	Throughput due to multiplexing; good separation of A2	A3/A4 signal overlap; no novel annotationa	Plasma cell glycoproteins or mixtures (immunoglobulins; A2 glycans)
MALDI-TOF-MS	Compositional; sialic acid linkage	Best throughput; compositional annotation; infrequent signal overlap; good separation of A3/A4; derived traits	Lowest repeatability; no structural informationa	Hepatic cell glycoproteins (acute phase proteins; A3/A4 glycans); unknown samples

^aAdditional information may be obtained by subsequent experiments such as exoglycosidase sequencing and tandem MS.