TABLE 1.
Predictor Variables
| No. (%) or Mean (SD), Total N = 89a | |
|---|---|
| Child and parent demographics | |
| Child age (y)3,7–9,11–13,54 | 8.3 (1.4) |
| Child white and/or non-Hispanic3,7,8,11 | 63 (71%) |
| Public insurance8,10,11,54 | 34 (38%) |
| Clinical characteristics | |
| Parent with severe psychological distress present54 (baseline)b | 9 (10%) |
| PedsQL total score (baseline) [range 0–100, higher = better quality]6 | 67.3 (12.4) |
| BASC2 externalizing symptom T-score (baseline)3,8,11,13 | 68.0 (13.7) |
| VAPRS total symptom score (baseline) [range 0–54, higher = more symptoms]13 | 36.5 (9.5) [n = 88] |
| VAPRS impairment score (baseline) [range 0–5, higher = more impairment]8 | 3.1 (0.6) [n = 84] |
| Reduction in ADHD symptoms from baseline to 3 mo [range 0–54]17 | 15.2 (12.8) [n = 84] |
| No. moderate or severe side effects attributable to medication at 3 mo [range = 0–13, with higher numbers indicating more side effects]15,16,55–57 | 0.1 (1.8) [n = 85] |
| Quality of care | |
| P3C summary score (baseline) [range 0–100, higher = better quality]15 | 86.6 (10.7) [n = 79] |
| Satisfaction with information about Medicine Scale total score (baseline) [range 0–14, higher = more satisfied]15 | 12.3 (2.4) |
| Presence of a low-complexity dosing regimen3,9 | 62 (70%) |
| Presence of a visit in first 30 d of treatment14 | 30 (34%) |
| Presence of a medication titration in first 3 mo14 | 61 (69%) |
| No. physician-parent contacts (0–90 d of treatment)14 | 3.0 (2.6) |
| No. physician-parent contacts (91–450 d of treatment)14 | 3.9 (3.1) |
| No. physician-collected behavior rating scales (0–90 d of treatment)1 | 1.7 (1.9) |
| No. physician-collected behavior rating scales (91–450 d of treatment)1 | 1.8 (2.2) |
| Child acceptance of medication | |
| How do you feel about the medicine? [child responded = “I don’t like taking medicine,” 3 mo]15,16 | 16 (22%) [n = 72] |
| Does the medicine help you? [child responded = no, 3 mo]15,16 | 6 (8%) [n = 72] |
| Do you want to take the medicine again? [child responded = no, 3 mo]15,16 | 15 (21%) [n = 73] |
| Parent beliefs about ADHD, medicine, and their child’s doctor | |
| BIPQ factor 1: impact of ADHD on life (baseline) [range 0–10, higher = stronger belief]15–21 | 7.2 (1.5)c |
| How much do you think your child’s ADHD affects his or her life? | |
| How much does your child’s ADHD affect your life? | |
| How much does your child experience symptoms from his or her ADHD? | |
| How concerned are you about your child’s ADHD? | |
| How much does your child’s ADHD affect you emotionally? | |
| BIPQ factor 2: amount of control over ADHD (baseline) [range 0–10, higher = stronger belief]15–21 | 3.3 (2.1)c |
| How much control do you feel your child has over his or her ADHD? | |
| How much control do you feel you have over your child’s ADHD? | |
| BIPQ factor 3: understanding ADHD and course (baseline) [range 0–10, higher = stronger belief]15–21 | 7.1 (1.5)c |
| How long do you think your child’s ADHD will continue? | |
| How much do you think your child’s treatment can help his or her ADHD? | |
| How well do you feel you understand your child’s ADHD? | |
| Decisional Conflict Scale total score (baseline) [range 0–100, higher = more conflict]15–21 | 20.5 (15.3) [n = 88] |
| BMQ overuse subscale score (baseline) [range 1–5, higher = stronger belief]15–21 | 2.9 (0.8) |
| BMQ harm subscale score (baseline) [range 1–5, higher = stronger belief]15–21 | 2.2 (0.7) |
| BMQ needs and concerns differential score (3 mo) [range −4 to 4, >1 favors needs]15–21 | 1.0 (1.1) [n = 76] |
| Working Alliance Inventory (baseline) [range 12–60, higher = greater alliance]15–21 | 50.7 (4.9) |
a
Those variables with missing data have the correct N in brackets.
b
K6 scale produces a total score with range from 0 (no distress) to 24 (maximal distress); scores of 13 or higher are suggestive of serious mental illness.30
c
Average score of factor loading items, mean (SD).