Fig 1. Adjusted odds ratios for overweight and obesity (BMI≥25kg/m2) in 17-year-old offspring associated with cesarean vs. vaginal delivery by quartiles of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI.
Diamond indicates odds ratio (OR), vertical lines indicate 95% CIs and arrows indicate OR reference of 1. Significant ORs are marked with a dark diamond. Top two graphs (A,B) present results of main analyses and bottom two (C,D) present results of subgroup analyses restricted to singleton first births within the cohort, without toxemia or diabetes in pregnancy. Model 1 (A,C) reflect multivariable models adjusted for maternal education, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and offspring sex. Model 2 (B,D) is further adjusted for proxies for indication for cesarean section, including toxemia, diabetes in pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, birth order, maternal age at delivery, smoking during pregnancy, preterm and post-term delivery, low and high birth weight and previous c-section.