Table 3.
Logistic regression of sleep duration and sleep quality on sexual orientation, sociodemographic characteristics, and health-related characteristics among US men and women: NHIS, 2013–2015 (N = 102,989)
| Outcome and sexual orientation group | Men, APR (95% CI) | Women, APR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meets NSF recommendationsa | ||||
| Straight | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Gay/lesbianb | 0.92 | (0.85, 1.00) | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.10) |
| Bisexual | 0.99 | (0.86, 1.13) | 0.91 | (0.83, 1.01) |
| Bisexual vs gay/lesbianc | 1.07 | (0.92, 1.25) | 0.89 | (0.79, 1.00) |
| Trouble falling asleep (≥4 times in the past week)d | ||||
| Straight | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Gay/lesbianb | 1.32 | (1.09, 1.61) | 1.19 | (0.99, 1.43) |
| Bisexual | 0.79 | (0.51, 1.23) | 1.43 | (1.13, 1.79) |
| Bisexual vs gay/lesbianc | 0.60 | (0.37, 0.96) | 1.20 | (0.90, 1.59) |
| Trouble staying asleep (≥4 times in the past week)d | ||||
| Straight | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Gay/lesbianb | 0.96 | (0.80, 1.16) | 1.17 | (1.01, 1.36) |
| Bisexual | 1.23 | (0.87, 1.73) | 1.29 | (1.09, 1.54) |
| Bisexual vs gay/lesbianc | 1.28 | (0.87, 1.88) | 1.11 | (0.88, 1.39) |
| Used medication to help fall/stay asleep (≥4 times in the past week)d | ||||
| Straight | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Gay/lesbianb | 2.62 | (2.00, 3.45) | 1.57 | (1.24, 2.00) |
| Bisexual | 1.18 | (0.61, 2.27) | 1.30 | (0.98, 1.74) |
| Bisexual vs gay/lesbianc | 0.45 | (0.22, 0.91) | 0.83 | (0.58, 1.19) |
| Woke up not feeling well rested (≥4 d in the past week)e | ||||
| Straight | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Gay/lesbianb | 1.22 | (1.10, 1.35) | 1.10 | (0.99, 1.22) |
| Bisexual | 0.91 | (0.71, 1.18) | 1.11 | (0.97, 1.26) |
| Bisexual vs gay/lesbianc | 0.75 | (0.57, 0.99) | 1.00 | (0.85, 1.19) |
Abbreviation: NHIS, National Health Interview Survey.
Outcome of meeting NSF recommendations include 7–9 hours sleep per day for adults 18–25 years, 7–9 hours of sleep per day for adults 26–64 years, and 7–8 hours of sleep per day for adults ≥65 years. Covariates included in the model were age, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, employed in the past 12 months, children living in the residence, urbanicity, poverty status, ADL/IADL limitation(s), experienced recent pain/aches, respondent-reported health status, food security, sufficient aerobic activity, serious psychological distress, and financial worries.
Responses included “gay/lesbian” for women and “gay” for men.
APRs and 95% CIs for comparisons between bisexual and gay/lesbian groups based on the same model used in another analysis where gay/lesbian was designated as the reference category.
Covariates included in the model were age, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, employed in the past 12 months, children living in the residence, urbanicity, poverty status, ADL/IADL limitation(s), experienced recent pain/aches, respondent-reported health status, food security, sufficient aerobic activity, serious psychological distress, financial worries, and meets NSF sleep guidelines.
Covariates included in the model were age, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, employed in the past 12 months, children living in the residence, urbanicity, poverty status, ADL/IADL limitation(s), experienced recent pain/aches, respondent-reported health status, food security, sufficient aerobic activity, serious psychological distress, financial worries, and meets NSF sleep guidelines.