Figure 4.

Graphical representations and results of western blotting of protein levels of caspase‐3, Bcl‐xL, nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB p65), TNF receptor type 1‐associated death domain protein (TRADD) and cyclin‐D in Huh7 cells treated with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) at various concentrations for 24 h. A, B, Caspase‐3 and Bcl‐xL protein levels in Huh7 cells treated with VIP for 24 h. VIP (10⁻¹⁰ M) significantly increased caspase‐3 protein levels, and VIP significantly decreased Bcl‐xL protein levels. α‐tubulin was used as a control. The data represent 7 independent experiments. Values are mean ± SEM, *P < .05 vs control. C, Expression of Bax and Bad in Huh7 cells treated with VIP. D, Expression of NFκB, TNF receptor type 1‐associated death domain protein (TRADD) and cyclin‐D in Huh7 cells treated with VIP did not differ significantly