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General molecular mechanisms of metformin on inhibiting cancer cell growth. Metformin inhibits mitochondria complex I, activates the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, and/or inhibits the insulin signaling pathway. ACC, acetyl‐coa carboxylase; EMT, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition; IGF‐1, insulin‐like growth factor‐1; IGF‐1R, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor; IR, insulin receptor; OCT1, organic cation transporter 1
