Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population, aged ≥35 years, Namibia, 2013
| All (n = 3278) | No diabetes (n = 3100) | Diabetes (n = 178) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual‐level factors | ||||
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 0.2 | 46.7 ±0.2 | 49.3 ±0.7 | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.527 | |||
| Female | 1916 (58.5) | 1816 (58.6) | 100 (56.2) | |
| Male | 1362 (41.5) | 1284 (42.4) | 78 (43.8) | |
| BMI category | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 365 (11.2) | 352 (11.5) | 13 (7.3) | |
| Normal weight | 1502 (46.2) | 1450 (47.2) | 52 (29.4) | |
| Overweight | 726 (22.4) | 677 (22.0) | 49 (27.7) | |
| Obese | 656 (20.2) | 593 (19.3) | 63 (35.6) | |
| Education attainment | 0.066 | |||
| No education | 521 (16.0) | 502 (16.3) | 19 (10.7) | |
| Primary | 1092 (33.5) | 1036 (33.6) | 56 (31.7) | |
| Secondary | 1400 (42.9) | 1318 (42.7) | 82 (46.3) | |
| Higher | 249 (7.6) | 229 (7.4) | 20 (11.3) | |
| Wealth index of family | <0.001 | |||
| Poorest | 572 (17.5) | 556 (17.9) | 16 (9.0) | |
| Poorer | 599 (18.3) | 578 (18.7) | 21 (11.8) | |
| Middle | 649 (19.8) | 624 (20.1) | 25 (14.0) | |
| Richer | 762 (23.2) | 709 (22.9) | 53 (29.8) | |
| Richest | 696 (21.2) | 633 (20.4) | 63 (35.4) | |
| Occupation | 0.206 | |||
| Not working | 1721 (54.3) | 1622 (54.1) | 99 (57.9) | |
| White collar | 559 (17.6) | 525 (17.5) | 34 (19.9) | |
| Manual laborer | 890 (28.1) | 852 (28.4) | 38 (22.2) | |
| Community‐level factors | ||||
| Poverty rate | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 1837 (56.1) | 1714 (55.3) | 123 (69.1) | |
| Middle | 368 (11.2) | 347 (11.2) | 21 (11.8) | |
| High | 1073 (32.7) | 1039 (33.5) | 34 (19.1) | |
| Illiteracy rate | 0.004 | |||
| Low | 1463 (44.6) | 1362 (43.9) | 101 (56.8) | |
| Middle | 820 (25.0) | 784 (25.3) | 36 (20.2) | |
| High | 995 (30.4) | 954 (30.8) | 41 (23.0) | |
| Unemployment rate | 0.404 | |||
| Low | 1126 (34.4) | 1063 (34.3) | 63 (35.4) | |
| Middle | 1106 (33.7) | 1040 (33.5) | 66 (37.1) | |
| High | 1046 (31.9) | 997 (32.2) | 49 (27.5) | |
| Place of residence | <0.001 | |||
| Urban | 1530 (46.7) | 1422 (45.9) | 108 (60.7) | |
| Rural | 1748 (53.3) | 1678 (54.1) | 70 (39.3) |
Data are given as the mean ± SEM or as n (%). Numbers may not sum to the total sample size (n = 3278) for certain characteristics because of missing data.
BMI, body mass index.