Fig. 2.

IAL inhibits the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BMDMs. The mRNA expression levels of a TNF-α, b IL-1β, and e IL-6 in BMDMs with the following treatments were evaluated by RT-PCR. The protein production levels of b TNF-α, (d) IL-1β and f IL-6 in supernatants were determined by ELISA. BMDMs were pre-treated with IAL at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μM for 30 min before stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 4 h. The data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001)