Fig. 3.

IAL inhibits inflammation by deactivating NF-κB, MAPKs, and the Akt signaling pathway in BMDMs. a The protein expression levels of p-p65, p65, IκBα, p-p38, p38, p-JNK, JNK, p-ERK, ERK, p-AKT, and AKT were evaluated by western blotting. BMDMs were pre-treated with IAL at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μM for 30 min before stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 15 min (p-p65, p65, and IκBα) or 30 min (p-p38, p38, p-JNK, JNK, p-ERK, ERK, p-AKT, and AKT). β-Actin was used as a loading control. b Statistical analysis of the above assay in histograms. The data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001)