Table 4.
Adjusted ORs (95% CI) for non-use of essential newborn care items, according to geographical location, type of funding, structural variables and mothers’ socioeconomic variables (Brazil, 2011–2012)
| No reference to health facility | Antenatal corticosteroids not used |
Partograph not used | No continuous social support | No early skin-to-skin contact | No breast feeding in first hour of birth | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Macro-region | ||||||
| North | x | x | 6.94 (2.89 to 16.82) | 2.01 (1.06 to 3.8) | X | 0.48 (0.35 to 0.65) |
| Northeast | x | x | 3.58 (2.15 to 5.95) | 1.81 (1.08 to 3.03) | X | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.23) |
| South | x | x | 1.42 (0.83 to 2.45) | 1.11 (0.66 to 1.86) | X | 0.64 (0.42 to 0.97) |
| Mid-West | x | x | 2.82 (1.52 to 5.22) | 2.25 (1.2 to 4.24) | X | 0.56 (0.37 to 0.84) |
| Southeast | x | x | 1 (-) | 1 (-) | X | 1 |
| Location | ||||||
| No capital | x | x | 1.62 (1.01 to 2.60) | 2.24 (1.46 to 3.46) | 1.66 (1.23 to 2.22) | X |
| Capital | x | x | 1 (-) | 1 (-) | 1 | X |
| Type of funding | ||||||
| Private | 0.71 (0.55 to 0.93) | 0.55 (0.31 to 0.97) | 3.36 (1.75 to 6.49) | 0.47 (0.29 to 0.77) | X | 1.87 (1.28 to 2.74) |
| Public | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | X | 1 (−) |
| Mother’s age (years) | ||||||
| 12–19 | 1.17 (1.06 to 1.29) | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) | 0.75 (0.64 to 0.88) | 1.07 (0.95 to 1.20) | ||
| 20–34 | 1 (−) | x | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | X | 1 (−) |
| 35 or more | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.13) | x | 1.30 (1.07 to 1.58) | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.11) | x | 1.20 (1.05 to 1.36) |
| Mother’s years of schooling | ||||||
| ≤7 | 1.47 (1.22 to 1.78) | x | x | 1.76 (1.36 to 2.27) | x | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.95) |
| 8–10 | 1.32 (1.10 to 1.60) | x | x | 1.88 (1.46 to 2.42) | x | 0.79 (0.64 to 0.97) |
| 11–14 | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.42) | x | x | 1.65 (1.34 to 2.03) | x | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) |
| 15 or more | 1 (−) | x | x | 1 (−) | x | 1 (−) |
| Social class | ||||||
| A+B | x | x | x | 1 (-) | X | X |
| C | x | x | x | 1.40 (1.19 to 1.65) | X | X |
| D+E | x | x | x | 1.77 (1.28 to 2.44) | X | X |
| Antenatal care | ||||||
| Inadequate | 1.67 (1.47 to 1.89) | x | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.49) | 1.38 (1.13 to 1.68) | x | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.09) |
| Adequate | 1 (−) | x | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | x | 1 (−) |
| Type of delivery | ||||||
| Caesarean | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.91) | 0.55 (0.36 to 0.84) | 4.93 (3.77 to 6.46) | x | 3.07 (3.37 to 4.90) | 2.55 (2.21 to 2.96) |
| Vaginal | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | x | 1 (−) | 1 (−) |
| Material resources≥80% | ||||||
| Inadequate | x | 2.16 (1.17 to 4.01) | x | 3.70 (2.08 to 6.61) | X | X |
| Adequate | x | 1 (−) | x | 1 (−) | X | X |
| Neonatal intensive care unit beds | ||||||
| No | x | 3.93 (2.34 to 6.66) | 2.08 (1.24 to 3.48) | x | X | X |
| Yes | x | 1 (−) | 1 (−) | x | X | X |
Items filled with x are variables excluded from the model.