Table 1.
Characteristics of eligible participants in each survey wave (2011–2013) (n=2,730)
| Characteristics | First survey | Second survey | Third survey |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1,944 (71.2) | ||
| Female | 786 (28.8) | ||
| Age, years (SD) | 38.8 (10.9) | ||
| Education (years), n (%) | |||
| 11 or less | 43 (1.6) | 43 (1.6) | 39 (1.4) |
| 12–13 | 1,608 (58.9) | 1,621 (59.4) | 1,579 (57.8) |
| 14–15 | 502 (18.4) | 497(18.2) | 473 (17.3) |
| 16–17 | 324 (11.9) | 326 (11.9) | 314 (11.5) |
| 18 or more | 193 (7.1) | 198 (7.3) | 180 (6.6) |
| Missing | 60 (2.2) | 45 (1.6) | 145 (5.3) |
| WSC, mean (SD) | 16.9 (3.3) | 17.1 (3.0) | 17.0 (3.1) |
| Psychological distress, mean (SD) | 5.4 (4.4) | 4.2 (4.2) | 4.2 (4.2) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 22.8 (3.6) | 22.9 (3.6) | 23.0 (3.7) |
| Job strain, mean (SD) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) |
| Occupation, n (%) | |||
| Manager | 219 (8.0) | 244 (8.9) | 249 (9.1) |
| Non-manual worker | 694 (25.4) | 701 (25.7) | 656 (24.0) |
| Manual worker | 1,275 (46.7) | 1,211 (44.4) | 1,197 (43.8) |
| Others | 446 (16.3) | 494 (18.1) | 481 (17.6) |
| Missing | 96 (3.5) | 80 (2.9) | 147 (5.4) |
| Employment contract, n (%) | |||
| Regular employee | 2,228 (81.6) | 2,225 (81.5) | 2,130 (78.0) |
| Part-time employee | 502 (18.4) | 492 (18.0) | 492 (18.0) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 13 (0.5) | 108 (4.0) |
| Weekly working hours, n (%) | |||
| 30 or less | 616 (22.6) | 554 (20.3) | 514 (18.8) |
| 31–40 | 589 (21.6) | 806 (29.5) | 695 (25.5) |
| 41–50 | 905 (33.2) | 838 (30.7) | 872 (31.9) |
| 51–60 | 427 (15.6) | 343 (12.6) | 401 (14.7) |
| 61 or more | 136 (5.0) | 128 (4.7) | 119 (4.4) |
| Missing | 57 (2.1) | 61 (2.2) | 129 (4.7) |
| Annual family income (million yen), n (%) | |||
| <3 | 357 (13.1) | 313 (11.5) | 318 (11.6) |
| 3–5 | 675 (24.7) | 775 (28.4) | 695 (25.5) |
| 5–8 | 1,066 (39.0) | 1,021 (37.4) | 998 (36.6) |
| 8–10 | 348 (12.7) | 316 (11.6) | 314 (11.5) |
| 10–15 | 193 (7.1) | 194 (7.1) | 172 (6.3) |
| 15+ | 21 (0.8) | 21 (0.8) | 21 (0.8) |
| Missing | 70 (2.6) | 90 (3.3) | 212 (7.8) |
| Chronic disease | |||
| No | 2,109 (77.3) | 2,164 (79.3) | 2,081 (76.2) |
| Yes | 371 (13.6) | 435 (15.9) | 448 (16.4) |
| Missing | 250 (9.2) | 131 (4.8) | 20 1(7.4) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 1,574 (57.7) | 1,552 (56.8) | 1,495 (54.8) |
| Former | 231 (8.5) | 224 (8.2) | 243 (8.9) |
| Current | 894 (32.7) | 909 (33.3) | 874 (32.0) |
| Missing | 31 (1.1) | 45 (1.6) | 118 (4.3) |
| Frequency of alcohol drinking, n (%) | |||
| None | 1,316 (48.2) | 1,290 (47.3) | 1,291 (47.3) |
| Sometimes | 825 (30.2) | 810 (29.7) | 783 (28.7) |
| Everyday | 560 (20.5) | 588 (21.5) | 540 (19.8) |
| Missing | 29 (1.1) | 42 (1.5) | 116 (4.2) |
| Physical exercise, n (%) | |||
| None | 1,872 (68.6) | 1,771 (64.9) | 1,771 (64.9) |
| Light exercise more than once a week | 487 (17.8) | 554 (20.3) | 511 (18.7) |
| Heavy exercise once or twice a week | 240 (8.8) | 251 (9.2) | 224 (8.2) |
| Heavy exercise more than three times a week | 46 (1.7) | 80 (2.9) | 73 (2.7) |
| Missing | 85 (3.1) | 74 (2.7) | 151 (5.5) |
BMI, body mass index; WSC, workplace social capital.