Table 3.
Baseline sociodemographic characteristics, health-related lifestyle factors, anthropometric information and laboratory measurements
| Characteristics | Total (n=2057) |
Hypertensive (n=1061) |
Normotensive (n=996) |
P value |
| Age (years)* | 59.00 (54.00–63.00) | 58.00 (52.00–63.00) | 60.00 (55.00–64.00) | <0.001† |
| Gender (female, %)‡ | 1501 (73.0) | 747 (70.4) | 754 (75.7) | 0.007† |
| High school graduate and above (%)‡ | 983 (50.2) | 478 (49.6) | 505 (50.8) | 0.621 |
| Current cigarette smoking (%)‡ | 310 (15.2) | 177 (17.0) | 133 (13.4) | 0.026† |
| Current alcohol consumption (%)‡ | 963 (47.3) | 492 (47.3) | 471 (47.3) | 0.990 |
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 88.00 (82.00–94.00) | 90.00 (85.00–96.80) | 86.00 (79.00–90.88) | <0.001† |
| Hip circumference (cm)* | 98.82 (94.00–103.50) | 100.80 (96.00–105.65) | 97.00 (93.00–101.00) | <0.001† |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 25.92 (23.85–28.15) | 26.84 (24.86–29.02) | 25.15 (23.01–26.95) | <0.001† |
| WHR* | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | 0.89 (0.86–0.94) | 0.88 (0.84–0.92) | <0.001† |
| FBG (mmol/L)* | 5.42 (4.99–6.18) | 5.59 (5.06–6.46) | 5.29 (4.92–5.90) | <0.001† |
| TC (mmol/L)* | 5.04 (4.35–5.73) | 4.99 (4.20–5.70) | 5.09 (4.46–5.77) | 0.003† |
| TG (mmol/L)* | 1.63 (1.12–2.48) | 1.68 (1.17–1.68) | 1.55 (1.09–2.42) | 0.019† |
| LDL-C (mmol/L)* | 2.15 (1.48–2.86) | 1.93 (1.36–2.86) | 2.23 (1.57–2.86) | 0.001† |
| HDL-C (mmol/L)* | 1.44 (1.13–2.40) | 1.48 (1.13–2.40) | 1.39 (1.13–2.45) | 0.296 |
| Baseline blood pressure | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg)* | 135.00 (122.50–147.50) | 142.00 (131.13–152.00) | 126.50 (115.50–138.50) | <0.001† |
| DBP (mm Hg)* | 78.50 (71.50–86.00) | 82.00 (75.50–89.50) | 74.50 (68.00–81.00) | <0.001† |
| MAP (mm Hg)* | 97.50 (89.33–105.83) | 102.00 (95.56–109.46) | 91.75 (84.88–100.13) | <0.001† |
| Baseline spot urine sample | ||||
| Sodium concentration (mmol/L)* | 131.35 (97.78–162.00) | 125.00 (94.00–157.00) | 136.00 (104.00–164.78) | <0.001† |
| Potassium concentration (mmol/L)* | 63.50 (41.80–89.10) | 62.23 (42.04–87.36) | 65.58 (41.42–90.53) | 0.319 |
| 24-hour urine sample | ||||
| Urine volume (L)* | 1.41 (1.00–2.00) | 1.57 (1.00–2.20) | 1.20 (0.80–1.80) | <0.001† |
| Sodium excretion (mmol/day)* | 103.50 (70.18–146.03) | 103.25 (71.00–141.25) | 103.70 (69.00–151.15) | <0.001† |
| Potassium excretion (mmol/day)* | 31.02 (21.60–44.89) | 28.65 (20.45–39.70) | 34.20 (23.00–51.16) | <0.001† |
| Estimated salt intake (g/day)* | 8.01 (5.25–11.47) | 8.97 (6.31–12.50) | 6.87 (4.57–10.50) | <0.001† |
| Disease and family history | ||||
| Diabetes (%)‡ | 327 (15.9) | 224 (21.2) | 103 (10.3) | <0.001† |
| Obesity (%)‡ | 538 (26.2) | 378 (35.6) | 160 (16.1) | <0.001† |
| Family history of hypertension (%)‡ | 1145 (57.8) | 714 (72.4) | 431 (43.3) | <0.001† |
| Family history of diabetes (%)‡ | 527 (26.6) | 285 (27.7) | 242 (24.3) | 0.084 |
| Salt-sensitive blood pressure | ||||
| Salt sensitive (%)‡ | 583 (28.3) | 302 (28.5) | 281 (28.2) | 0.900 |
*Mann-Whitney U test.
†Hypertension group compared with non-hypertension group, p<0.05.
‡χ2 test.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist:hip ratio.