Fig. 5. S. Orientails inhibited activation of JNK and NF-κB pathways in the hippocampus in postoperative animals. Activation of JNK and NF-κB pathways in the hippocampus by laparotomy while pretreatment of S. Orientails extract inhibited the activities of both pathways. Representative blots against phosphorylated JNK and p65 in the hippocampus of different groups of animals. Graphs below showing quantification of western blot. Data correspond to the mean and SEM (n=4) and represents the band densities that were normalized with endogenous JNK and p65 respectively. ^*p<0.05 between groups.