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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Born–Haber cycle showing separation of the actual (measured) enthalpy (ΔHactual) into intrinsic enthalpy (ΔHintinsic) and the enthalpy of solution values for the bound (ΔHs,b) and unbound species (ΔHs,u). The physical states of the reactants and products are not shown.