Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
| Variables | Percentage or Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Male (n = 2176) | 72.2 % |
| Age (n = 2176) | 41.81 (8.94), range 18 - 70 |
| 18-30 years | 9.8% |
| 31-40 years | 36.5% |
| 41-50 years | 35.4% |
| 51-60 years | 16.7% |
| 61-70 years | 1.6% |
| Employment (n = 2168) | |
| Full time/ education/ training | 24.4% |
| Part time, regularly | 10.1% |
| Occasional / Other | 13.2% |
| Unemployed | 52.3% |
| Having children (n = 1890) | 52.4% |
| Living together with children (n = 2176) | 19.7% |
| Relationship (n = 2158) | |
| Single | 55.2% |
| Relationship, not living together | 11.5% |
| Relationship, living together | 33.3% |
| Own apartment (n = 2163) | 83.1% |
| Migration background (n = 2166) | 23.8% |
| Active drug use (past 12 weeks) (n = 1981) | 36.1% |
| Percentage of positive urine samples (n = 1981) | 10.04 (16.79), range 0 - 100 |
| ≥ 1 positive urine sample (past 4 weeks) | |
| Heroin (n = 1605) | 16.3% |
| Cocaine (n = 1548) | 5.3% |
| Benzodiazepines (n = 1598) | 15.9% |
| Amphetamines (n = 1152) | 5.3% |
| Years of opioid dependence (n = 2069) | 20.37 (9.11), range 0 - 48 |
| Duration of current OST (years) (n = 2048) | 6.25 (5.21), range 0 - 26.5 |
| Substitution medication (n = 2090) | |
| D-/L-Methadone | 76.6% , mean dosage 97.0 (50.1) mg |
| Buprenorphine | 22.6% , mean dosage 9.8 (6.2) mg |
| Other | 0.8% |
| HCV status (n = 1929) | |
| Anti-HCV negative | 43.6% |
| RNA negative / Anti-HCV positive | 29.4% |
| RNA positive | 26.9% |
| HIV positive (n = 1581) | 3.7% |
| HIV/HCV co-infection (n = 1458) | 2.2% |
Note. Percentages are based on valid numbers, which are indicated in parentheses behind the variables