Table 2.
Child eating behavior, food-category intake and key-food variety-scores in the control and intervention group at child age 12 months
| Item | Control mean ± SD (n = 264)a | Intervention mean ± SD (n = 269)b | Difference (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire c | ||||
| Food responsiveness | 2.28 ± 0.69 | 2.44 ± 0.71 | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.30) | 0.010 |
| Emotional over-eating | 1.41 ± 0.49 | 1.48 ± 0.51 | 0.07 (− 0.02 to 0.16) | 0.15 |
| Enjoyment of food | 3.99 ± 0.62 | 4.09 ± 0.63 | 0.10 (− 0.01 to 0.21) | 0.086 |
| Desire to drink | 2.09 ± 0.86 | 2.25 ± 0.88 | 0.16 (− 0.00 to 0.32) | 0.051 |
| Satiety responsiveness | 2.85 ± 0.59 | 2.78 ± 0.62 | − 0.07 (− 0.18 to 0.43) | 0.23 |
| Slowness in eating | 2.67 ± 0.61 | 2.65 ± 0.73 | − 0,02 (− 0.14 to 0.10) | 0.74 |
| Emotional under-eating | 3.29 ± 0.82 | 3.27 ± 0.78 | − 0.02 (− 0.17 to 0.13) | 0.79 |
| Food fussiness | 1.87 ± 0.72 | 1.87 ± 0.66 | 0.00 (− 0.13 to 0.13) | 0.98 |
| CEBQ; Food approach dimension | 2.44 ± 0.44 | 2.56 ± 0.44 | 0.12 (0.04 to 0.20) | 0.002 |
| CEBQ; Food avoidance dimension | 2.67 ± 0.43 | 2.64 ± 0.46 | −0.2 (− 0.11 to 0.06) | 0.56 |
| Child Food Neophobia Scale d | 9.50 ± 3.91 | 9.07 ± 3.34 | − 0.43 (− 1.09 to 0.23) | 0.20 |
| Child food intake, categories e | ||||
| Fruit/vegetables, times-per-day score | 5.93 ± 2.44 | 6.44 ± 2.77 | 0.51 (0.04 to 0.98) | 0.035 |
| Non-core foods/drinks; times-per-day score | 0.24 ± 0.23 | 0.22 ± 0.21 | − 0.02 (− 0.06 to 0.02) | 0.42 |
| Commercially prepared dinner; times-per-week score | 1.20 ± 1.84 | 1.00 ± 1.48 | − 0.20 (− 0.50 to 0,10) | 0.19 |
| Homemade dinner; times-per-week score | 2.54 ± 1.80 | 2.76 ± 2.68 | 0.23 (− 0.19 to 0.64) | 0.28 |
| Key-food variety-score; number of units tasted f | ||||
| Vegetables (n tot = 13) | 10.62 ± 2.03 | 11.05 ± 1.77 | 0.43 (0.08 to 0.77) | 0.015 |
| Fruit (n tot = 10) | 8.41 ± 1.80 | 8.58 ± 1.57 | 0.17 (− 0.13 to 0.48) | 0.26 |
Linear regressions are used for between-group comparison of continuous outcomes
a The total number of participants in the analyses vary between 219 and 264 depending on the outcome
b The total number of participants in the analyses vary between 236 and 269 depending on the outcome
c Behavior items rated from 1 (never) to 5 (always) on a five-point Likert scale
d The range of possible responses varies between 6 and 24, with a high score indicating high levels of child food neophobia
e Answer-options never/not tried, ‹ 1/week, 1–2/week, 3–4/week, 5–6/week, 1/day, 2/day, 3/day and ≥ 4/day recoded into a times-per-day/times per week score
f Answer-options never/not tried, ‹ 1/week, 1–2/week, 3–4/week, 5–6/week, 1/day, 2/day, 3/day and ≥ 4/day dichotomized into tasted/not tasted