Fig. 11.

Germination rates and hormone levels of PLDα1KD- and wild-type-germinating seeds. a Germination rates of PLDα1KD and wild-type Jack (WT) seeds under normal conditions after maturation under high temperature (30–36 °C) and humidity (70–85%) environments. Values are mean ± SD (n = 30 in one replications). b Germination seeds of PLDα1KD and wild-type Jack (WT) soybean for 3 days. c Hormone levels in germinating seeds of PLDα1KD and wild-type Jack (WT). d The contents of malonaldehyde and soluble sugars. KD1: PLDα1 knockdown line 1; KD2: PLDα1 knockdown line 2; WT: wild-type Jack. All data are e mean ± SD (n = 3). * and **Denote significance at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, compared with wild-type Jack (WT) based on Student’s t test