Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants overall, those followed up at 7 years, and those with hand radiographs at baseline and 7 years.
| Baseline characteristics | Participants (n = 706) |
Participants followed up by questionnaire at 7 years (n = 522) |
Participants who attended research clinic and had hand radiographs at 7 years (n = 388) |
|---|---|---|---|
| % Female (n) | 62.0 (438) | 60.9 (318) | 60.1 (233) |
| Age (years), mean ± sd | 60.5 ± 5.2 | 60.3 ± 5.3 | 60.5 ± 5.2 |
| % CASHA study (n) | 51.4 (363) | 54.6 (285) | 51.5 (200) |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation, mean ± sd | 14 971 ± 7425 | 15 524 ± 7390 | 15 316 ± 7509 |
| % White ethnicity (n) | 99.7 (693) | 99.8 (512) | 99.7 (381) |
| % Smoking (n) | |||
| Never | 48.4 (338) | 51.8 (268) | 54.4 (210) |
| Ex | 41.4 (289) | 39.7 (205) | 38.6 (149) |
| Current | 10.2 (71) | 8.5 (44) | 7.0 (27) |
| % Hand pain on most or all days in the past month (n) | 44.7 (315) | 44.4 (232) | 45.4 (176) |
| AUSCAN pain, mean ± sd | 6.7 ± 4.2 | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 6.5 ± 4.1 |
| AUSCAN function, mean ± sd | 10.0 ± 8.1 | 9.6 ± 7.9 | 9.6 ± 7.9 |
| AUSCAN stiffness, mean ± sd | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 0.9 |
| % Radiographic hand OA (KL ≥ 2 in ≥ 1 joints) (n) | 68.7 (485) | 68.1 (356) | 67.5 (262) |
| Baseline summed KL score (0–80), mean ± sd | 8.2 ± 9.6 | 7.9 ± 9.2 | 7.8 ± 9.1 |
| Median (IQR) | 5 (2, 11) | 5 (2, 11) | 5 (2, 11) |
| Baseline number of joints KL ≥ 2 (0–20), mean ± sd | 2.8 ± 3.4 | 2.7 ± 3.3 | 2.7 ± 3.3 |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0, 4) | 2 (0, 4) | 2 (0, 4) |
| % Thumb base OA (KL ≥ 2 in either 1CMCJ) (n) | 42.9 (303) | 43.1 (225) | 43.6 (169) |
| % Nodal IPJ OA (KL ≥ 2 in ≥ 2 IPJs (rays 2–5) and ≥ 2 nodes (rays 2–3) across either hand) (n) | 21.5 (152) | 21.3 (111) | 21.9 (85) |
| % Generalized hand OA (KL ≥ 2 in ≥ 1 distal IPJ and ≥ 1 proximal IPJ and ≥ 1 1CMCJ across either hand) (n) | 11.8 (83) | 10.9 (57) | 11.6 (45) |
| % Erosive OA (E- or R-phase in ≥ 2 IPJ (rays 2–5) across either hand) (n) | 3.1 (22) | 3.3 (17) | 2.8 (11) |
| Metabolic factors | |||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± sd | 29.2 ± 5.2 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 28.9 ± 4.9 |
| % Hypertension (n) | 36.4 (240) | 36.7 (180) | 36.6 (234) |
| % Diabetes type 2 or impaired fasting glucose (n) | 10.8 (71) | 8.6 (42) | 9.8 (36) |
| % Dyslipidaemia (n) | 30.8 (203) | 31.4 (154) | 31.2 (115) |
| No. metabolic factors, mean ± sd | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.1 |
| Median (IQR) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) |
| % Metabolic syndrome (n) | 11.2 (74) | 10.0 (49) | 11.4 (42) |
| SF-12 Physical Component Score, mean ± sd | 39.2 ± 12.1 | 39.9 ± 11.9 | 40.0 ± 12.0 |
| SF-12 Mental Component Score, mean ± sd | 49.9 ± 11.0 | 50.8 ± 10.6 | 51.1 ± 10.6 |
| HADS Anxiety scale, mean ± sd | 7.2 ± 4.2 | 6.8 ± 4.1 | 6.6 ± 4.1 |
| HADS Depression scale, mean ± sd | 4.7 ± 3.6 | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 4.3 ± 3.4 |
| SF-36 Physical functioning scale, mean ± sd | 60.6 ± 28.4 | 63.0 ± 27.8 | 62.6 ± 28.3 |
CASHA, Clinical Assessment Studies of the Hand; AUSCAN, Australian–Canadian Hand Osteoarthritis Index; OA, osteoarthritis; KL, Kellgren–Lawrence; IQR, interquartile range; 1CMCJ, first carpometacarpal joint; IPJ, interphalangeal joint; BMI, body mass index; SF-12, 12-item Short Form Health Survey; SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Survey; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.