Table 3.
Association between baseline metabolic factors and hand osteoarthritis (OA) progression at 7 years for all participants and stratified by baseline hand OA subset.
| |
Analysis based on multiply imputed data |
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| |
All participants (n = 706) |
Thumb base OA (n = 303) |
Nodal IPJ OA (n = 152) |
Generalized OA (n = 83) |
Erosive OA (n = 22) |
| Outcome = KL summed score (0–80) | |||||
| |
Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)* |
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| BMI (kg/m2) † | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) | −0.11 (−0.33, 0.10) | −0.10 (−0.40, 0.20) | −0.37 (−0.87, 0.13) | −0.47 (−2.13, 1.19) |
| Hypertension | 0.45 (−1.12, 2.03) | 0.33 (−2.13, 2.78) | 1.82 (−1.59, 5.24) | −0.36 (−6.04, 5.32) | 2.49 (−9.26, 14.24) |
| Diabetes type 2/IFG | 0.76 (−1.62, 3.13) | 1.50 (−1.75, 4.75) | 4.50 (−0.26, 9.25) | 3.27 (−2.89, 9.42) | 3.05 (−13.56, 19.67) |
| Dyslipidaemia |
0.07 (−1.51, 1.66) |
0.72 (−1.61, 3.04) |
1.40 (−2.09, 4.89) |
1.81 (−3.83, 7.45) |
−6.55 (−19.58, 6.47) |
| No. of metabolic factors (0–4) † |
0.02 (−0.57, 0.62) |
0.06 (−0.81, 0.93) |
0.75 (−0.72, 2.22) |
−0.46 (−2.54, 1.62) |
−2.09 (−7.94, 3.77) |
| Metabolic syndrome ‡ |
0.50 (−1.39, 2.40) |
0.87 (−1.90, 3.64) |
1.97 (−2.61, 6.54) |
−0.81 (−7.85, 6.23) |
−0.88 (−17.21, 15.44) |
| Outcome = Number of hand joints with KL grade ≥ 2 (0–20) § | |||||
| |
Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)* |
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| BMI (kg/m2) † | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.06) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.12) | −0.11 (−0.29, 0.06) | −0.15 (−0.87, 0.57) |
| Hypertension | −0.01 (−0.63, 0.60) | −0.12 (−1.04, 0.80) | 0.34 (−0.92, 1.61) | −0.61 (−2.59, 1.36) | 0.34 (−4.58, 5.25) |
| Diabetes type 2/IFG | 0.35 (−0.58, 1.28) | 0.67 (−0.58, 1.93) | 2.06 (0.25, 3.87) | 1.42 (−0.71, 3.56) | 2.02 (−6.02, 10.07) |
| Dyslipidaemia |
0.21 (−0.41, 0.83) |
0.53 (−0.36, 1.41) |
0.67 (−0.60, 1.95) |
1.09 (−0.89, 3.08) |
−1.02 (−5.65, 3.62) |
| No. of metabolic factors (0–4) † |
−0.01 (−0.25, 0.25) |
0.02 (−0.31, 0.35) |
0.41 (−0.15, 0.98) |
−0.04 (−0.78, 0.70) |
−0.50 (−2.76, 1.77) |
| Metabolic syndrome ‡ |
0.42 (−0.37, 1.22) |
0.68 (−0.38, 1.73) |
1.70 (−0.09, 3.50) |
0.47 (−1.99, 2.93) |
0.25 (−6.05, 6.54) |
| |
Complete case analysis |
||||
| |
All participants (n = 365) |
Thumb base OA (n = 169) |
Nodal IPJ OA (n = 85) |
Generalized OA (n = 45) |
Erosive OA (n = 11) |
| Outcome = KL summed score (0–80) | |||||
| |
Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)* |
||||
| BMI (kg/m2) † | 0.02 (−0.14, 0.19) | −0.17 (−0.45, 0.11) | −0.14 (−0.55, 0.27) | −0.92 (−2.00, 0.15) | – |
| Hypertension | 0.80 (−0.85, 2.44) | 0.38 (−2.57, 3.33) | 2.15 (−2.65, 6.94) | −4.5 (−15.24, 6.15) | – |
| Diabetes type 2/IFG | −0.25 (−2.91, 2.41) | 0.56 (−3.73, 4.84) | 7.78 (1.13, 14.43) | 9.46 (−1.98, 20.90) | – |
| Dyslipidaemia |
0.15 (−1.53, 1.83) |
1.59 (−1.29, 4.47) |
2.34 (−2.56, 7.24) |
4.93 (−4.98, 14.85) |
– |
| No. of metabolic factors (0–4) † |
0.10 (−0.61, 0.81) |
0.08 (−1.02, 1.18) |
1.49 (−0.46, 3.44) |
0.01 (−3.83, 3.9) |
1.12 (−4.59, 6.84) |
| Metabolic syndrome ‡ | 0.82 (−1.47, 3.11) | 0.82 (−2.75, 4.39) | 2.39 (−4.13, 8.92) | −3.60 (−17.06, 9.87) | 3.88 (−15.43, 23.18) |
| |
Outcome = Number of hand joints with KL grade ≥ 2 (0–20) § Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)* |
||||
| |
Complete case analysis |
||||
| |
All participants (n = 365) |
Thumb base OA (n = 169) |
Nodal IPJ OA (n = 85) |
Generalized OA (n = 45) |
Erosive OA (n = 11) |
| BMI (kg/m2) † | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.07) | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) | −0.25 (−0.55, 0.04) | – |
| Hypertension | 0.09 (−0.56, 0.75) | −0.28 (−1.31, 0.76) | 0.28 (−1.37, 1.92) | −2.08 (−4.97, 0.81) | – |
| Diabetes type 2/IFG | −0.24 (−1.30, 0.83) | −0.20 (−1.70, 1.30) | 3.35 (1.08, 5.62) | 2.94 (−0.13, 6.00) | – |
| Dyslipidaemia |
0.27 (−0.40, 0.94) |
1.18 (0.16, 2.19) |
1.27 (−0.41, 2.98) |
2.44 (−0.33, 5.21) |
– |
| No. of metabolic factors (0–4) † |
−0.01 (−0.29, 0.28) |
0.02 (−0.38, 0.42) |
0.70 (−0.01, 1.39) |
0.34 (−0.83, 1.50) |
0.04 (−1.54, 1.62) |
| Metabolic syndrome ‡ | 0.41 (−0.50, 1.33) | 0.39 (−0.90, 1.67) | 2.19 (−0.09, 4.48) | −0.29 (−4.36, 3.78) | −1.02 (−5.04, 3.00) |
*Estimated from analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline value of outcome measure, cohort, time to follow-up, gender, age, Index of Multiple Deprivation, and smoking status; †per unit increase (all other factors are classed as present/absent); ‡any three of body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, diabetes type 2/impaired fasting glucose (IFG), hypertension, and dyslipidaemia; §one individual was excluded owing to maximum number of joints affected at baseline; – unable to calculate owing to small numbers.
KL, Kellgren–Lawrence; CI, confidence interval; IPJ, interphalangeal joint; Thumb base OA = KL ≥ 2 in the first carpometacarpal (1CMCJ) in either hand; Nodal IPJ OA = KL ≥ 2 in ≥ 2 IPJs (rays 2–5) and ≥ 2 nodes (rays 2–3) across either hand; Generalized hand OA = KL ≥ 2 in ≥ 1 distal IPJ and ≥ 1 proximal IPJ and ≥ 1 1CMCJ across either hand; Erosive OA = ≥ 2 IPJs (rays 2–5) across either hand.