Table I.

Participants’ Characteristics (Visit 1)

	M (SD), range or n (%)
Child age	12.87 (2.53), 8.14–16.97
Parent age	43.04 (7.29), 26–60
Illness duration (years)	5.63 (3.53), 1.10–14.74
Child sex: Female	66 (56)
Parent sex: Female	98 (84)
Child race
White	70 (60)
African-American	29 (25)
Asian	1 (1)
Other	14 (12)
Child Hispanic/Latino: No	102 (87)
Income
<19,999	19 (16)
20,000–39,999	13 (11)
40,000–59,999	16 (14)
60,000–79,999	14 (12)
80,000–99,999	13 (11)
>100,000	33 (28)
Parent education
Some high school	1 (1)
Completed high school	15 (13)
Some college or technical school	40 (34)
College graduate	34 (29)
Some postcollege graduate education	11 (9)
Masters, PhD, MD, law degree, etc.	11 (9)
Employment status
Not currently employed	28 (24)
Working part-time	28 (24)
Working full-time	58 (50)
Family structure
Two parent	76 (65)
Two parents—step family	14 (12)
Single parent	23 (20)
Insulin regimen
Basal bolus	47 (40)
Pump	46 (39)
Premixed (70/30 insulin)	24 (21)

Note: Numbers may not add up to 100% because of missing data (i.e., parent refused the item).