Table 1.
Laboratory data on the next day after restarting vildagliptin, and cytokine profiles before and after drug fever and acute inflammation triggered by vildagliptin
| Variable | Result | Reference range | Variable | Result | Reference range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peripheral blood | Blood biochemistry | ||||
| White blood cells (/μL) | 10,300 | 3,500–9,500 | AST (U/L) | 86 | 10–35 |
| Blast (%) | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | ALT (U/L) | 55 | 7–42 |
| Promyelo (%) | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | γ‐GTP (U/L) | 126 | 5–60 |
| Myelo (%) | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | LDH (U/L) | 251 | 120–240 |
| Meta (%) | 0.0 | 0.0–0.0 | ALP (U/L) | 326 | 110–360 |
| Band (%) | 32.0 | 2.0–10.0 | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.13 | 0.60–1.10 |
| Seg (%) | 61.0 | 50.0–70.0 | BUN (mg/dL) | 31 | 8–22 |
| Eosino (%) | 0.0 | 1.0–5.0 | CRP (mg/dL) | 11.95 | <0.30 |
| Baso (%) | 0.0 | 0.0–1.0 | Sodium (mEq/L) | 139 | 137–146 |
| Mono (%) | 2.0 | 1.0–6.0 | Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.3 | 3.6–5.0 |
| Lymph (%) | 5.0 | 20.0–40.0 | Chloride (mEq/L) | 109 | 101–110 |
| Red blood cells (×104/μL) | 442 | 410–540 | Amylase (U/L) | 182 | 42–118 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5 | 13.0–16.5 | Procalcitonin | 36.7 | 0.00–0.05 |
| Platelets (×104/μL) | 3.4 | 15.0–35.0 | Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 125 | 70–110 |
| Cytokines | 2 days before | Just after a high fever | 18 days later |
|---|---|---|---|
| IFN‐γ (<0.1 IU/mL) | <0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 |
| TNF‐α (0.6–2.8 pg/mL) | 1.4 | 16.8 | 1.3 |
| IL‐1β (<10 pg/mL) | <10 | <10 | 11 |
| IL‐6 (<4.0 pg/mL) | 6.3 | 362 | 12.3 |
| IL‐8 (<2.0 pg/mL) | 14.1 | 89.4 | 16.5 |
| IL‐10 (<5 pg/mL) | <2 | 20 | <2 |
| IL‐12 (<7.8 pg/mL) | <7.8 | <7.8 | <7.8 |
| IL‐18 (126 ± 44.5 pg/mL) | 218 | 1,690 | 217 |
| WBC (3,500 – 9,500/μL) | 2,980 | 10,300 | 4,470 |
| Neut. (52.0–80.0%) | 56.4 | 77.7 | 71.0 |
| CRP (<0.30 mg/dL) | 0.22 | 11.95 | 1.23 |
| IgG (1,000–1,800 mg/dL) | 2,426 | 2,066 | 2,478 |
| IgA (110–490 mg/dL) | 566 | 509 | 617 |
| IgM (65–260 mg/dL) | 136 | 120 | 136 |
| IgE (28–138 IU/mL) | 4,859 | 3,779 | 5,301 |
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C‐reactive protein; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgE, immunoglobulin E; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; IL, interleukin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; Neut., neutrophil; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐α; WBC, white blood cells; γ‐GTP, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase.