Fig. 3.

Induction of apoptosis in oral cancer cells by cis-3-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid (HCUA). Ca9-22 and SAS cells as well as oral fibroblasts were harvested 48 h post-treatment, double-stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI, and then analyzed by flow cytometry (A). The percentage of cells that were Annexin V-positive/PI-negative (early phase of apoptosis) is shown (B). The percentage of cells that were Annexin V-positive/PI-positive (late apoptosis) is shown (C). ^*p <0.05, ^**p <0.01, ^***p<0.001 compared with mock cells.