Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of sepsis patients with severe respiratory failure
| Variate | Unmatched | Matched | ||||
| No rhTM | RhTM | No rhTM | RhTM | |||
| n | 824 | 356 | Standardized difference, % | 149 | 149 | Standardized difference, % |
| Age, y | 70.4 ± 13.9 | 68.6 ± 13.2 | −1.0 | 69.9 ± 13.8 | 69.7 ± 13.5 | −0.1 |
| Male sex | 530 (64.3%) | 223 (62.6%) | −3.5 | 90 (60.4%) | 97 (65.1%) | 9.7 |
| Weight, kg | 57.9 ± 14.8 | 57.3 ± 13.7 | −0.27 | 55.2 ± 13.1 | 58.0 ± 14.3 | 1.5 |
| Preexisting hemostatic disorders | 156 (18.9%) | 62 (17.4%) | −3.9 | 29 (19.5%) | 27 (18.1%) | −3.6 |
| APACHEII score | 25 [19–31] | 27 [21–32] | 1.3 | 27 [21–34] | 25 [19–31] | −2.2 |
| Initial total SOFA score | 11 [8–14] | 13 [10–15] | 12.0 | 11 [9–14] | 11 [8–13] | −5.6 |
| Central nervous system | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | 1.4 | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | −5.8 |
| Renal | 1 [0–3] | 3 [1–3] | 21.0 | 1 [0–3] | 1 [0–3] | −1.9 |
| Respiratory | 3 [3–4] | 3 [3–4] | −25.0 | 3 [3–4] | 3 [3–4] | −12.5 |
| Coagulation | 1 [0–2] | 2 [0–3] | 33.7 | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–2] | −14.6 |
| Cardiovascular | 3 [1–4] | 4 [3–4] | 23.0 | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2–4] | −12.0 |
| Liver | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–2] | 26.8 | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–1] | −5.5 |
| Initial SIRS score | 3 [3–4] | 3 [3–4] | 10.2 | 3 [3–4] | 3 [3–4] | 7.1 |
| Initial JAAM DIC score | 4 [2–5] | 5 [4–7] | 28.3 | 5 [3–6] | 4 [3–6] | −3.7 |
| Respiratory SOFA score | ||||||
| Score 3 | 531 (64.4%) | 249 (69.9%) | 11.7 | 101 (67.8%) | 105 (70.5%) | 5.8 |
| Score 4 | 293 (35.6%) | 107 (30.1%) | −11.7 | 48 (32.2%) | 44 (29.5%) | −5.8 |
| Presence of lung infection | 350 (42.5%) | 126 (35.4%) | −14.6 | 66 (44.3%) | 60 (40.3%) | −8.1 |
| Blood culture results | ||||||
| Positive | 323 (39.2%) | 176 (49.4%) | 20.7 | 57 (38.3%) | 64 (43.0%) | 9.6 |
| Negative | 455 (55.2%) | 168 (47.2%) | −16.1 | 83 (55.7%) | 79 (53.0%) | −5.3 |
| No test | 46 (5.6%) | 12 (3.4%) | −10.7 | 9 (6.0%) | 6 (4.0%) | −9.2 |
| Microorganisms responsible for the sepsis | ||||||
| Gram negative rods | 261 (31.7%) | 138 (38.8%) | 14.9 | 44 (29.5%) | 45 (30.2%) | 1.5 |
| Gram positive cocci | 199 (24.2%) | 96 (27.0%) | 6.5 | 31 (20.8%) | 35 (23.5%) | 6.4 |
| Fungus | 14 (1.7%) | 6 (1.7%) | −0.1 | 6 (4.0%) | 4 (2.7%) | −7.4 |
| Virus | 6 (0.7%) | 2 (0.6%) | −2.1 | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | −6.7 |
| Mixed infection | 126 (15.3%) | 50 (14.0%) | −3.5 | 27 (18.1%) | 31 (20.8%) | 6.7 |
| Others | 24 (2.9%) | 4 (1.1%) | −12.8 | 2 (1.3%) | 4 (2.7%) | 9.5 |
| Unknown | 194 (23.5%) | 60 (16.9%) | −16.7 | 37 (24.8%) | 29 (19.5%) | −13.0 |
| White blood cell count, 109/L | 10.4 [4.0–16.1] | 9.0 [2.7–16.9] | 0.03 | 9.4 [2.6–16.1] | 9.6 [2.8–15.3] | −0.16 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 10.7 [8.9–12.6] | 10.6 [9.1–12.1] | −2.7 | 9.0 [7.5–10.8] | 10.6 [9.3–12.2] | 19.7 |
| Platelet count, 109/L | 136.5 [77.0–212.5] | 88.5 [46.0–146.0] | −0.49 | 99.0 [52.0–187.0] | 124.0 [78.0–183.0] | 0.15 |
| PT-INR | 1.3 [1.2–1.6] | 1.4 [1.2–1.7] | 7.8 | 1.4 [1.2–1.7] | 1.3 [1.2–1.5] | −13.0 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Antithrombin III | 209 (25.4%) | 208 (58.4%) | 71.0 | 31 (20.8%) | 42 (28.2%) | 17.3 |
| Protease inhibitor | 124 (15.0%) | 61 (17.1%) | 5.7 | 23 (15.4%) | 29 (19.5%) | 10.8 |
| Heparins | 41 (5.0%) | 15 (4.2%) | −3.8 | 5 (3.4%) | 12 (8.1%) | 20.3 |
| Other anticoagulant | 336 (40.8%) | 208 (58.4%) | 35.8 | 68 (45.6%) | 66 (44.3%) | 2.6 |
| Immunoglobulins | 232 (28.2%) | 185 (52.0%) | 50.1 | 29 (19.5%) | 51 (34.2%) | 33.6 |
| Low-dose steroids | 222 (26.9%) | 164 (46.1%) | 40.7 | 43 (28.9%) | 45 (30.2%) | 2.8 |
| Therapeutic interventions | ||||||
| Surgical interventions at the infection site | 266 (32.3%) | 140 (39.3%) | 14.6 | 46 (30.9%) | 53 (35.6%) | 10.0 |
| RRT | 253 (30.7%) | 202 (56.7%) | 54.3 | 55 (36.9%) | 48 (32.2%) | −9.9 |
| PMX-DHP | 154 (18.7%) | 129 (36.2%) | 40.0 | 25 (16.8%) | 33 (22.1%) | 13.4 |
APACHE indicates Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; ICU, intensive care unit; JAAM, the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine; PMX-DHP, Polymyxin B-direct hemoperfusion; PT-INR, prothrombin time–international normalized ratio; rhTM, recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or median [interquartile range].