Table 1. Clinical and operative characteristics of four surgical groups.
| Clinical Characteristic | I(N = 72) | II(N = 23) | III(N = 45) | IV(N = 16) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.9±12.6 | 61.2±11.8 | 57.2±12.8 | 58.8±12.4 | 0.643 |
| Gender(M/F) | 50/22 | 15/8 | 31/14 | 10/6 | 0.942 |
| Hypertension | 60(83.3%) | 20(87.0%) | 32(71.1%) | 11(68.8%) | 0.229 |
| Smoking | 20(27.8%) | 6(26.1%) | 17(37.8%) | 4(25.0%) | 0.611 |
| Coronary artery disease | 11(15.3%) | 0(0) | 7(15.6%) | 2(12.5%) | 0.073 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3(4.2%) | 1(4.3%) | 3(6.7%) | 1(6.3%) | 0.937 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5(6.9%) | 3(13.0%) | 1(2.2%) | 1(6.3%) | 0.378 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8(11.1%) | 3(13.0%) | 6(13.3%) | 1(6.3%) | 0.870 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 6(8.3%) | 4(17.4%) | 7(15.6%) | 0(0) | 0.112 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(2.2%) | 0(0) | 0.475 |
| Previous aortic surgery | 2(2.8%) | 0(0) | 2(4.4%) | 0(0) | 0.464 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2(2.8%) | 1(4.3%) | 4(8.9%) | 0(0) | 0.304 |
| Hemodialysis | 0(0) | 0(0) | 2(4.4%) | 0(0) | 0.169 |
| Marfan syndrome | 4(5.6%) | 0(0) | 2(4.4%) | 0(0) | 0.308 |
| Malperfusion | 27(37.5%) | 12(52.2%) | 22(48.9%) | 3(18.8%) | 0.112 |
| IA dissection | 25 (34.7%) | 10 (43.5%) | 24 (53.3%) | 5 (31.3%) | 0.196 |
| LCCA dissection | 22 (30.6%) | 14 (60.9%) | 15 (33.3%) | 6 (37.5%) | 0.066 |
| LSA dissection | 20 (27.8%) | 12 (52.2%) | 13 (28.9%) | 6 (37.5%) | 0.156 |
| Operative Characteristic | |||||
| Brain protection (antegrade/retrograde) | 49/23 | 22/1* | 45/0* | 16/0* | <0.001 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass(min) | 244.3±52.3 | 336.0±91.1* | 317.6±92.8* | 273.5±58.7# | <0.001 |
| Aortic clamp(min) | 124.8±32.7 | 201.8±52.4*# | 166.9±49.3* | 147.5±46.0 | <0.001 |
| Circulatory arrest(min) | 36.0±12.5 | 71.4±22.9*# | 53.9±31.4* | 53.6±29.0* | <0.001 |
| Primary tear location | 0.195 | ||||
| Ascending aorta | 41 (56.9%) | 15 (65.2%) | 25 (55.6%) | 9 (56.3%) | |
| Arch (lesser curvature) | 9 (12.5%) | 2 (8.7%) | 5 (11.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Arch (great curvature) | 4 (5.6%) | 4 (17.4%) | 9 (20.0%) | 3 (18.8%) | |
| Proximal descending aorta | 6 (8.3%) | 1 (4.3%) | 4 (8.9%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| unknown | 12 (16.7%) | 1 (4.3%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0 (0) | |
| Primary tear resection | 48 (66.7%) | 22 (95.7%)* | 37 (82.2%) | 11 (68.8%) | 0.022 |
| Root reconstruction | 15(20.8%) | 7(30.4%)# | 3(6.7%)* | 3(18.8%) | 0.061 |
| CABG | 1(1.3%) | 1(4.3%) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0.451 |
| ASA classification (III/IV/V) | 3/60/9 | 1/20/2 | 1/36/8 | 1/14/1 | 0.867 |
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; CABG, Coronary artery bypass graft; IA, innominate artery; LCCA, left common carotid artery; LSA, left subclavian artery; Age, body temperature, cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic clamp, circulatory arrest by T test (normal distribution analysis by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Post Hoc test) and other variables by Chi-square test.
* p <0.05 vs. Group I
# p <0.05 vs. Group III.