Fig 3. Dated phylogenetic relationships of mtDNA ND2 haplotypes.

Time calibrated Bayesian tree representing relationships among ND2 clades of Common Chiffchaffs, other chiffchaff species and Willow Warbler. Localities, inferred subspecies assignment, and numbers of birds sampled are listed on the right. Numbers next to branches indicate their posterior probability values. Gray bars next to nodes represent 95% HPD intervals for their age estimates. The chiffchaff complex was estimated to be evolutionarily young. The divergence of all chiffchaff species and clades within the Common Chiffchaff was estimated to have happened during the Ionian stage (middle Pleistocene). Two clades of the Mountain Chiffchaff were estimated to have diverged in the Tarantian stage (late Pleistocene).