TABLE 1. Unadjusted prevalences of preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes among women with a live birth, by selected maternal characteristics — United States, 2016.
| Characteristic* | No.† | % Preexisting diabetes | % Gestational diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Total
|
3,942,094
|
0.9
|
6.0
|
|
Age group (yrs)
| |||
| <20 |
211,827 |
0.4 |
1.9 |
| 20–24 |
803,153 |
0.5 |
3.3 |
| 25–29 |
1,148,057 |
0.7 |
5.1 |
| 30–34 |
1,110,010 |
1.0 |
7.0 |
| 35–39 |
546,995 |
1.4 |
9.6 |
| ≥40 |
122,052 |
2.1 |
12.8 |
|
Race and Hispanic origin
§
| |||
| White, non-Hispanic |
2,054,437 |
0.7 |
5.3 |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
558,044 |
1.2 |
4.8 |
| Asian, non-Hispanic |
254,326 |
0.9 |
11.1 |
| Hispanic |
917,822 |
1.0 |
6.6 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
31,375 |
2.1 |
9.2 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander |
9,337 |
1.8 |
8.4 |
| More than one race |
80,836 |
0.9 |
5.8 |
|
Nativity
| |||
| U.S.-born |
3,024,356 |
0.8 |
5.2 |
| Not U.S.-born |
909,638 |
0.9 |
8.4 |
|
Education
| |||
| Less than high school |
537,990 |
1.1 |
6.2 |
| High school graduate |
978,917 |
0.9 |
5.5 |
| Some college |
1,128,682 |
1.0 |
6.2 |
| College graduate |
784,655 |
0.6 |
5.9 |
| More than college |
460,768 |
0.6 |
6.0 |
|
Payment source for delivery
| |||
| Medicaid |
1,668,864 |
1.0 |
5.9 |
| Private |
1,936,143 |
0.8 |
6.2 |
| Other¶ |
313,437 |
0.7 |
5.1 |
|
Trimester entry into prenatal care
| |||
| First |
2,955,378 |
0.9 |
6.2 |
| Second |
639,593 |
0.8 |
5.6 |
| Third or none |
235,409 |
0.7 |
4.6 |
|
Parity
| |||
| Nulliparous |
1,498,458 |
0.8 |
5.2 |
| Primiparous |
1,263,445 |
0.8 |
5.9 |
| Multiparous |
1,165,053 |
1.0 |
7.1 |
|
Prepregnancy body mass index** | |||
| Underweight |
134,392 |
0.3 |
2.9 |
| Normal weight |
1,699,751 |
0.4 |
3.6 |
| Overweight |
997,977 |
0.8 |
6.1 |
| Obesity Class I |
548,092 |
1.3 |
8.8 |
| Obesity Class II |
266,105 |
2.0 |
11.2 |
| Obesity Class III | 187,689 | 3.2 | 13.9 |
* Statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in the distribution of preexisting diabetes, gestational diabetes (or no diabetic conditions) were observed by all maternal characteristics.
† The number of women within a characteristic group (e.g., age group) might not sum to the total number of women because of missing information.
§ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the birth certificate. Women reporting Hispanic origin were categorized as Hispanic regardless of their race. Categories represent single-race reporting (i.e., mothers reported only one race); mothers reporting more than one race were categorized as “More than one race.”
¶ Includes insurance provided by TRICARE or the Indian Health Service.
** Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) classified as underweight (BMI <18.5), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), obesity class I (BMI 30.0–34.9), obesity class II (35.0–39.9), and obesity class III (BMI ≥40.0).