TABLE 2. Standardized* prevalence of preexisting and gestational diabetes among women with a live birth, by jurisdiction, year, and percentage point change — United States, 2012–2016.
| Jurisdiction | Percentage of women with preexisting diabetes |
Percentage of women with gestational diabetes |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | Percentage-point difference, 2012 to 2016 (95% CI)† | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | Percentage-point difference, 2012 to 2016 (95%CI)† | |
| Alabama |
—§ |
—§ |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
4.6 |
4.8 |
5.3 |
—§ |
| Alaska |
—§ |
0.6 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
—§ |
—§ |
7.2 |
6.9 |
6.7 |
8.3 |
—§ |
| Arizona |
—§ |
—§ |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
5.7 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
—§ |
| Arkansas |
—§ |
—§ |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
5.2 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
—§ |
| California |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)† |
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.7 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
0.4 (0.4 to 0.5)† |
| Colorado |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) |
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
4.3 |
0.1 (-0.1 to 0.4) |
| Connecticut |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
0.8 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
5.7 |
—§ |
| Delaware |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
-0.2 (-0.4 to 0.1) |
7.5 |
6.9 |
7.9 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
-0.3 (-1.0 to 0.5) |
| District of Columbia |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.1 (-0.2 to 0.4) |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
3.4 |
0.5 (-0.3 to 1.3) |
| Florida |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
-0.1 (-0.1 to 0.0) |
5.0 |
4.6 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
-0.5 (-0.7 to -0.4)† |
| Georgia |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.3 (0.2 to 0.4)† |
4.0 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
4.7 |
0.7 (0.5 to 0.8)† |
| Hawaii |
—§ |
—§ |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
3.3 |
4.5 |
3.8 |
—§ |
| Idaho |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
0.3 (-0.0 to 0.6) |
5.7 |
6.3 |
5.6 |
6.6 |
5.8 |
0.1 (-0.7 to 0.9) |
| Illinois |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) |
5.9 |
6.2 |
6.0 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) |
| Indiana |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
-0.0 (-0.2 to 0.1) |
6.7 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
6.9 |
0.1 (-0.2 to 0.4) |
| Iowa |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
0.2 (0.0 to 0.4)† |
7.2 |
8.0 |
7.8 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
1.1 (0.6 to 1.6)† |
| Kansas |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
-0.0 (-0.2 to 0.1) |
5.8 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.4 |
0.5 (0.2 to 0.9)† |
| Kentucky |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.1 (-0.1 to 0.2) |
6.2 |
5.9 |
6.1 |
6.0 |
6.4 |
0.2 (-0.2 to.6) |
| Louisiana |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)† |
5.0 |
6.1 |
6.0 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
0.9 (0.5 to 1.2)† |
| Maine |
—§ |
—§ |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
6.5 |
6.0 |
6.2 |
—§ |
| Maryland |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) |
4.8 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
1.1 (0.8 to 1.3)† |
| Massachusetts |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.1 (-0.0 to 0.2) |
5.2 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
5.2 |
4.8 |
-0.4 (-0.6 to -0.1)† |
| Michigan |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.1 (-0.0 to 0.2) |
6.2 |
5.4 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
5.5 |
-0.7 (-1.0 to -0.5)† |
| Minnesota |
1.1 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
-0.1 (-0.3 to 0.0) |
7.0 |
7.1 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
7.1 |
0.1 (-0.2 to 0.5) |
| Mississippi |
—§ |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
—§ |
—§ |
4.9 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
—§ |
| Missouri |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.0 (-0.1 to 0.2) |
6.0 |
5.8 |
5.9 |
6.2 |
6.8 |
0.8 (0.4 to 1.1)† |
| Montana |
0.7 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.2 (-0.3 to 0.7) |
2.8 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
4.7 |
1.8 (0.9 to 2.8)† |
| Nebraska |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.1 (-0.1 to 0.3) |
5.8 |
6.4 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
6.5 |
0.7 (0.3 to 1.2)† |
| Nevada |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.1 (-0.1 to 0.2) |
5.1 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.4 |
5.9 |
0.8 (0.4 to 1.1)† |
| New Hampshire |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
-0.0 (-0.3 to 0.3) |
7.3 |
6.6 |
6.9 |
5.2 |
5.5 |
-1.9 (-3.0 to -0.7)† |
| New Jersey |
—§
|
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
0.8 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
5.9 |
—§ |
| New Mexico |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
-0.0 (-0.3 to 0.2) |
3.4 |
3.5 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.7 |
1.4 (0.9 to 1.9)† |
| New York |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)† |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
6.3 |
1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)† |
| New York City¶ |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 (-0.0 to 0.1) |
3.9 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
5.2 |
5.9 |
2.0 (1.8 to 2.2)† |
| North Carolina |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)† |
5.9 |
5.8 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
-0.0 (-0.2 to 0.2) |
| North Dakota |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
-0.0 (-0.4 to 0.4) |
5.2 |
5.6 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
6.2 |
1.0 (-0.0 to 2.1) |
| Ohio |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.1 (-0.0 to 0.2) |
7.6 |
7.8 |
7.67 |
8.0 |
8.2 |
0.6 (0.3 to 0.9)† |
| Oklahoma |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
-0.4 (-0.5 to -0.2)† |
4.3 |
4.5 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
0.9 (0.5 to 1.2)† |
| Oregon |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.1 (-0.1 to 0.2) |
7.5 |
8.0 |
8.1 |
8.0 |
8.1 |
0.6 (0.1 to 1.0)† |
| Pennsylvania |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
-0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) |
5.5 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
0.1 (-0.2 to 0.3) |
| Rhode Island |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
0.7 |
0.8 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
6.7 |
6.1 |
—§ |
| South Carolina |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.0 (-0.1 to 0.2) |
5.9 |
6.5 |
7.3 |
7.0 |
7.1 |
1.1 (0.8 to 1.5)† |
| South Dakota |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.1 (-0.3 to 0.4) |
6.1 |
7.1 |
8.5 |
8.4 |
9.2 |
3.2 (2.1 to 4.3)† |
| Tennessee |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)† |
7.0 |
6.7 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
-0.9 (-1.2 to -0.6)† |
| Texas |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
-0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) |
4.2 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
0.4 (0.3 to 0.5)† |
| Utah |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.0 (-0.1 to 0.2) |
4.8 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
6.4 |
6.4 |
1.6 (1.1 to 2.1)† |
| Vermont |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.3 (-0.3 to 1.0) |
4.4 |
6.3 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
-0.1 (-1.5 to 1.2) |
| Virginia |
—§ |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
—§ |
—§ |
4.2 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
—§ |
| Washington |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.1 (0.1 to 0.2)† |
6.7 |
6.7 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
7.8 |
1.0 (0.8 to 1.3)† |
| West Virginia |
—§ |
—§ |
2.0 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
—§ |
—§ |
—§ |
6.7 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
—§ |
| Wisconsin |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.1 (-0.1 to 0.2) |
7.0 |
7.1 |
7.0 |
6.9 |
6.6 |
-0.4 (-0.7 to -0.1)† |
| Wyoming |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
-0.3 (-1.0 to 0.3) |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
0.5 (-0.4 to 1.3) |
| 40 jurisdictions with data during 2012–2016** | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)† | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5)† |
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
* Standardized to the age and race/ethnicity distribution of U.S. resident mothers delivering in 2012.
† Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference from 2012 to 2016.
§ A dash indicates revised birth certificates were not available by January 1 of that year for that jurisdiction.
¶ Natality data from New York City are reported separately and are not included in New York state estimates.
** Among the 40 jurisdictions with data during 2012–2016, the sample sizes were 3,391,723 (2012); 3,378,197 (2013); 3,435,616 (2014); 3,434,815 (2015); and 3,410,163 (2016).