Table 3:

Association between cord, early childhood plasma leptin levels and ASD risk in children in the BBC

	Total n	ASD n	OR	95% CI	p value
Cord leptin
Unadjusted
Q1	164	10	Ref
Q2	163	11	1.11	0.46, 2.70	0.81
Q3	164	11	1.11	0.46, 2.68	0.82
Q4	164	7	0.69	0.25, 1.85	0.46
Model 1
Q1	164	10	Ref
Q2	163	11	1.44	0.53, 3.87	0.48
Q3	164	11	1.76	0.66, 4.69	0.26
Q4	164	7	0.96	0.31, 2.94	0.94
Model 2
Q1	164	10	Ref
Q2	163	11	2.01	0.68, 5.92	0.21
Q3	164	11	2.74	0.90, 8.31	0.08
Q4	164	7	1.40	0.42, 4.66	0.58
Early childhood leptin Unadjusted
Unadjusted
Q1	163	3	Ref
Q2	163	8	2.75	0.72, 10.57	0.14
Q3	163	10	3.49	0.94, 12.91	0.06
Q4	163	15	5.41	1.53, 19.05	0.009
Model 3
Q1	163	3	Ref
Q2	163	8	3.32	0.83, 13.37	0.09
Q3	163	10	4.61	1.17, 18.22	0.03
Q4	163	15	7.87	2.06, 30.04	0.003
Model 4
Q1	163	3	Ref
Q2	163	8	3.30	0.81, 13.41	0.10
Q3	163	10	4.93	1.23, 19.77	0.02
Q4	163	15	7.89	2.05, 30.44	0.003
Model 5
Q1	163	3	Ref
Q2	163	8	3.59	0.68, 18.96	0.13
Q3	163	10	4.18	0.79, 22.19	0.09
Q4	163	15	8.41	1.69, 41.81	0.009
Model 6
Q1	163	3	Ref
Q2	163	8	3.43	0.84, 13.94	0.09
Q3	163	10	5.09	1.28, 20.21	0.02
Q4	163	15	7.46	1.93, 28.82	0.004

Model 1: Adjusted for maternal characteristics such as maternal age at delivery, parity, smoking, maternal BMI, maternal diabetes status, education, race, child’s sex and follow-up time

Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 + gestational age

Model 3: Adjusted for child’s sex, race, age of leptin measurement, follow-up time and breastfeeding status

Model 4: Adjusted for Model 3 + gestational age

Model 5: Adjusted for Model 3 + cord leptin levels

Model 6: Adjusted for Model 3 + maternal age, maternal BMI, maternal diabetes status